Select Committee on Standards and Privileges First Report


APPENDIX 32

Letter from the Editor of The Guardian to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards

  I enclose our latest submission on the oral evidence of the MPs which I hope you and Mr Pleming will find of some use.

  It is, of course, essential that you have enough time to produce a definitive report. On the other hand, we also consider it important that your findings should be laid before the Standards & Privileges Committee before an election, so that they can in some form be put before the voters. We wonder whether, if you cannot complete your report on our complaints in the time available, it might be in the public interest to make such findings and recommendations as you can at this stage available and to submit them as a first report.

  Our complaints against Smith and Brown are largely admitted. Most of our indictments of Hamilton and Bowden are made out. We are particularly concerned that there should be some appropriate censure of the misbehaviour of Sir Michael Grylls, who will cease to be an MP at the time when the election writs are issued and may thereafter fall outside parliament's jurisdiction.

  We are happy to help further in any way.

Alan Rusbridger

7 March 1997

A third submission to Sir Gordon Downey from The Guardian

  This document is in response to the oral evidence from Neil Hamilton, Tim Smith, Andrew Bowden, Michael Brown and written evidence from Lady Olga Maitland

  I am concerned to keep my comments on the transcripts you have sent me as brief as possible. The public interest requires your report to be in the hands of the Standards and Privileges Committee by the time Parliament rises, so you will understand why I do not oppose explanations.

The Guardian cannot accept or regurgitate points we have already made or which you have clearly taken on board. Let me state, however, that there is nothing in the material which causes us to withdraw the gist of the complaints we have made: quite the contrary.

Similarly I will not advert to any of the matters arising from Greer in The Daily Telegraph, other than his description (3 March, p. 15) of the benefits he arranged to flow from BA and DHL to Christine Hamilton, and therefore to her husband. These benefits were not, of course, disclosed by Hamilton on the Register of Members' Interests.

There is an important principle here, which I do think you should endorse, namely that benefits to a spouse (or secretary or both) must be disclosed, the more so where they are or may be related to, or are reward for, an MP's activities in the cause of the benefactor. Christine Hamilton's travel was of benefit to her husband: it partly paid for the couple's holiday. It derived from Greer, whose business Hamilton was assisting. (I have not researched his speeches or questions which might have assisted BA or DHL: I understand there were several). The principle is important, and it adds to the evidence which characterises the relationship between Greer and Hamilton as corrupt.

In general, I am struck by the attitude of insouciance affected by Grylls, Hamilton and Brown towards the "introductory commissions". These, it is now plain, were the dishonest means by which Greer both rewarded his "stable" of MPs and kept them under a continuing obligation to assist his business by assisting clients of that business.

Even if the MPs did not know this (and of course they did) they all appear unaware of the obvious vice of their conduct in accepting the money. They were breaching their position of trust: the duty an MP owes to all who seek his advice. It may be especially onerous in the case of a constituent, but it applies whenever an MP is consulted. The office is one of trust; MPs have privileges (both personal and of access to Government power) and correlative duties to give advice honestly and without hidden benefits or biases.

In advising third parties (whether friends or constituents or corporations) to engage IGA, Grylls, Brown and Hamilton hid from the parties to whom they owed the duty of trust that they were making a secret profit out of this advice. This conduct is a disgraceful and dishonourable betrayal of the trust inherent in their office, and their failure to comprehend it, even now, demonstrates their unfitness to be an MP.

Hamilton and Brown last October hastily tried to regularise their tax affairs when they realised they had been caught cheating the Revenue: it is proof positive of their unfitness to be MPs that they have still not disgorged the secret profits they made from NNC and UST. Since they have not volunteered to pay back the money, I trust that you will make a recommendation that the Committee order them (and Grylls) to do so. These "commissions", taken behind the back of Greer's clients from money they paid him (his fee was doubtless calculated with the "commission" in mind) belongs morally (and probably in equity) to those who paid it on the advice of an MP who deliberately and dishonestly omitted to tell them that he was taking 10 per cent.

I have no doubt that if a barrister recommended a friend or a corporation to hire a particular solicitor, and later secretly accepted as a reward 10 per cent of the fees the solicitor earned (as well as a brief fee, in the case of Hamilton's "consultancy" with NNC), he would be disbarred. The point is fundamental to any profession, including that of Member of Parliament. In Hamilton's case, what turns an unethical act into a criminal one is his intention to hide it from the Revenue as well as from the Register. (The one may supply the motive for the other). He is, after all, a barrister specialising in tax, who must have realised that on any view and whether under schedules D or E, these emoluments were not in any sense "gifts".

His explanation for withdrawing the action becomes curiouser and curiouser. The bottom line, I suppose is that he ran away from the case when he realised, as did his lawyers, that The Guardian could prove he was a liar and a cheat. I am amused at his claim that he would be damaged by Greer's withdrawal: he has forgotten how vigorously he opposed consolidation of the actions when we obtained this by court order in 1995. It may be helpful if I state the facts as we know them:

1. The hearing on our summons for discovery was listed for Friday 20 September before J. Newman. We sought disclosure of all payments by IGA to Hamilton, Smith, Grylls and Bowden up to October 1994, and of Hamilton's tax returns. On Thursday evening, counsel (Sharp and Robertson) agreed to vacate the hearing on the plaintiff's undertaking to provide this discovery. It was obviously relevant material and the IGA records must have been in the possession of Carter-Rucks for some time. Some of them were sent to us the next day.

2. On Thursday 26 September there was a hearing before Bell J. attended by Ferguson and Sharp for Hamilton, and by Patrick Maloney for Smith who moved the court into camera to argue that Smith's name should be removed from the pleadings and not referred to at the trial. In the course of the argument, it was either specifically stated or envisaged that a similar application would be made by Grylls and Bowden. Bell J. adjourned the argument - as to what if any mention could be made of other MPs who had not waived privilege - to the trial judge on October 1.

3. The amended defence was not finalised until the afternoon of Friday 27. It was ready, together with the three new witness statements, for service shortly after 5 pm. No contact, however, could be made with Stephenson at Carter-Rucks.

4. At 5.45 pm Ferguson offered to Robertson a settlement on a "walk-away" basis for both plaintiffs. He said he had been to the Bar Council because a conflict of interest had arisen.

5. At about 4 pm on Saturday Robertson saw Ferguson to convey "The Guardian's" terms. Ferguson confirmed the conflict and said that he was instructed now only to convey "The Guardian's" terms.

6. On the evening of the Sunday 28 Robertson had become concerned at the propriety of the behaviour of Carter-Rucks, as reported to him by Proudler. He telephoned Sharp, and asked her to confirm that a genuine conflict had arisen and to explain Carter-Ruck's position. She telephoned him back to confirm the genuiness of the conflict, both in relation to counsel and to solicitors. She further stated that Carter-Ruck had been "expressly approved" by the Law Society to act as negotiator, notwithstanding his firm's conflict.

7. It would have been obvious, on the Monday, to the experienced solicitors - Carter-Ruck, Stephens and Grey - that acceptance of "The Guardian's" terms meant it could and would repeat the allegations and treat the withdrawal as confirmation of its story. They withdrew nevertheless.

They now ascribe their behaviour to the fact that Greer disclosed evidence of more payments to Grylls than he had mentioned to the Select Committee in 1990. Quite what this has to do with the issues in the libel action is not clear. What is clear is that:

  (i)  Smith, Grylls and Bowden might have succeeded, on the Tuesday, in removing all mention of themselves from the pleadings and the trial.

  (ii)  Greer's evidence to the Select Committee was given under parliamentary privilege - although not an MP, it might have been argued that his statements about Grylls, a matter incidental to the issues in the trial, should not be impugned.

  (iii)  In any event, cross-examination as to credit is subject to strict rules, including the rule that the examiner is bound by the witness's answers. If we had asked questions impugning Greer's credit on this score, we would have been bound by the answer he has given to you, namely that it was entirely an honest mistake on his part because he was told by his bookkeeper that there were three payments, not six.

  (iv)  Further, we have this irony: he asserts that this answer, which he asks you to accept as true, would somehow have destroyed him if subjected to cross-examination in court

  (v)  In the litany of lies and half-truths told by the plaintiffs, this one was no big deal. You will see how we sized it up in paragraph 31 (iii) (b) of the Greer amended defence: " . . . he did not refer to the full extent of payments to Michael Grylls."¾

It is difficult to see, in any event, how a dent in the credibility of one plaintiff could create a conflict so fundamental that solicitors, as well as counsel, had to retire. Hamilton may on Friday morning have felt betrayed, but this could only have been at Greer's disclosure of the truth, under his court obligation. Greer had actually been protecting Hamilton ("B") throughout the Select Committee hearing, misdescribing the payments and hiding from the Committee that Hamilton had not disclosed them to the Revenue (see his interview with Boris Johnson: he clearly knew what Hamilton was up to).

Greer and Hamilton gave different versions of the withdrawal. Greer/Stones say that on Thursday counsel predicted that Greer would be "torn to shreds" but that he was determined to fight on and only agreed to withdraw at the weekend. Hamilton, on the other hand, claims "Greer had decided to discontinue before I knew the nature of the problem" and says that his withdrawal would prejudice him - although the jury would hear nothing about it and he had, originally, strenuously resisted our application to consolidate.

Gray's statement[30] refers to the findings of a team of accountants (this report has never been disclosed to us); it suggests Greer had "failed to disclose" the Grylls payments (although his records were obviously discoverable and should have been checked by Carter-Rucks at an early stage) and identifies the "grave and irreconcilable conflict" in some angry remarks made by Hamilton about Greer.

This is bizarre - if anyone "betrayed" him it was Carter-Rucks, and not Greer, who had dissembled at the Select Committee in order to protect him. The notion that after preparing a case for two years, the solicitors (who have been paid £400,000?) and counsel, who have been paid their brief fees (non-returnable?), should walk out on the eve of the trial because of a "vocal reaction" by one plaintiff about a development which would not damage his case and only marginally impact on his co-defendant is really quite Dickensian.

Then we have Hamilton's explanation for not seeking an adjournment. There is no question but that he would have obtained it, and the QC's statement that a conflict had arisen would have been accepted without requiring him to give details. (But where was the conflict, once Greer had withdrawn?)

However, there was a better reason for an adjournment (or avoiding the costs consequences of applying for one) because The Guardian was applying to amend the defence and to serve the new witness statements. Since it is a feature of defamation law that justification increases the damage, Hamilton would, had the jury held in his favour, have expected a six figure award from a jury who disbelieved our new witnesses.

Thus to Gray's factors;

1. True but neutral. No costs because of "Guardian" last minute application to amend and serve new witness statements.

2. Greer's answer on Grylls - the incompetent bookkeeper - would have been binding therefore little damage.

3. So why not fight?

4. True, but Crockers are not the only law firm in London. A QC is not necessary; many barristers would have volunteered to be in "the libel trial of the century" for little or no fee. Hamilton, a barrister, could have acted for himself (as Rupert Allason, MP, a journalist, has done with notable success).

5. ("The impact of Greer's withdrawal . . . would be exploited to maximum effect"). On the contrary, such evidence would be totally inadmissible, as any lawyer should know. The jury would on the judge's direction strictly consider the evidence for and against Hamilton on the question of whether he was corrupt. No judge would have allowed counsel for "The Guardian" to refer to the circumstances of Greer's withdrawal.

It may be that Stones is correct: "people thought this case was going to sink and people did not want to be associated with it". It was going to sink under the weight of evidence against the plaintiffs, not because Greer had once understated the payments he made to Grylls.

I am intrigued by Greer's comment that Hamilton owed Carter-Rucks £100,000 - this firm is famous for getting its money "up front". Could it be Carter-Rucks were conducting this case for Hamilton (but not Greer) on a speculative contingency basis, which Hamilton as a barrister would have known to be improper?

We can see from his account that he did not have the money to pay this notoriously expensive firm, and it would therefore be understandable that they would want to "walk away" from the case when Hamilton's prospects of success nose-dived from 90 per cent.

It is a matter of some importance for free speech in this country that newspapers should not be subjected to gold-digging libel actions brought pursuant to secret and unlawful contingency arrangements, especially when one party is an MP.

If your investigations of Stephenson, Carter-Ruck and the Law Society show this to be the case, I would wish to add it as a further ground of complaint against Hamilton, namely that he was party to what he must have known was an unlawful contingency arrangement.

I should add that we did have some reason to suspect that this was the case, and asked Carter-Rucks whether the action was being maintained (correspondence can be provided). They must have shown this to their client, which would make his complicity in such an arrangement the more censurable.My short comments on the hearings are as follows:Hamilton

I note that he continually disputes the authenticity of the message book (Q 1936 and 1954-58). The plaintiffs had this information for six weeks before they withdrew, and at no stage made any request to see, let alone scientifically test, the original.

Hamilton appears to rely heavily now on his fellow-feeling for Fayed as a victim of libel (Q 1961 and 1970). This does not bear analysis: everything about their cases was different; the fight against the BBC was not a "similar experience", the "hurt and indignity" Al-Fayed felt about the inquiries into his father's background bear no comparison with an examination into whether Hamilton gave a Hitler salute in Berlin and so on. One simply cannot buy this, any more than his belief in "The Tebbit doctrine", as a motive for "taking up a cause" as if he had been paid to take it up.

At Q 2012 you refer to sending our submission to Hamilton: presumably you will let us see his reply?

At Q 2022 you refer to the "courier" message on 28 September 1988. Hamilton and Fayed had met on 14 September, and we could find no evidence that any document of a kind which Hamilton might have needed to see had been produced over the next fortnight.

At Q 2064 Mr Pleming notes that the Ritz visit "had been dealt with already by the committee". I regard it as very important that you should in no way feel bound by the committee's findings - indeed, that you should ignore those findings. It remains our strong belief that committee was manipulated by the Tory whips (see the Willets proceedings. See the Mitchell proceedings, in particular paragraph 13, page vii and the evidence of Terry Lewis MP and Angela Eagle MP, pages xi-xiv). We believe that its dealings with Hamilton must be regarded as discredited, indeed as null and void as the decision of any tribunal which has been quashed because of bias. Conduct which that committee found to be imprudent we urge you to find, on fresh and further evidence, to be corrupt.

One piece of fresh evidence which is truly damning is that it transpires the Hamiltons stayed for several days at guest apartments in the Ritz in mid-1990, as a favour cadged from Fayed by Hamilton. I find it totally incredible that he had forgotten about this over the past two and a half years, when his every freebie was so critical to the case. It is not the sort of favour you forget. He has deliberately and dishonestly withheld this evidence. It showed that he had done enough for Fayed to demand what he knew would be an expensive favour; it showed he accepted it without registering it; it showed that he knew very well the difference between the hotel itself and Fayed's private apartments (which he tends to conflate in all his explanations, from 1993 onwards and even at Q 2080 and 2114). Moreover this stay occurred after the content of the DTI report became public knowledge. Mr Hamilton relies heavily on that now to discredit Mr Al-Fayed as a liar. But in 1990 - in full knowledge of that damning verdict - he was happy to overlook it in order to cadge further hospitality off him.

Q 2134. I note that Greer in his Boris Johnson interview last Saturday asserts that one of Hamilton's problems was that he did not declare this money for tax. How could Greer be certain of this, unless it had been discussed at the time as one of the reasons why Hamilton would be prudent to withdraw? At Q 2190, the "consciousness of guilt" evidence - that both Hamilton and Brown went to the Revenue to confess in October just after the withdrawal - adds force to this.

Q 2152. This is an example of cheating the Revenue which should be added to our complaint, item 8: not only did he fail to disclose payments, but he dishonestly claimed deductions for expenses which had been met by Greer as part of those payments!

Incidentally, the Guardian memoranda Hamilton refers to at the end of section one of his analysis of Al-Fayed's evidence were not held back on discovery, as Hamilton alleges. They were, to the contrary, precisely the electronic file notes he attempted to make capital out of just minutes before our oral appearance before the inquiry.

Greer

While certainly a tarnished source who is still lying in some respects, Greer has some moments of frankness. Given his coy way of speaking, his comment at Q 1392 that "Andrew and I got to know each other perhaps a little better. He had done one or two things with clients and one or two things to help me" may well translate as "Bowden was promised the £5,300 as a reward for helping me with Fayed" (and see Q 1438: Bowden was only assisting with Fayed).

I note that he confirms that he envisaged Bowden becoming a paid consultant, and contradicts Bowden on the "no lawyers" explanation (nothing to do with Land) and on the "sacking" (see Q 1395, 1443). Fayed did not appear to have taken to Bowden, because (as Fayed says) he was too greedy, and Greer had raised in him too many greedy expectations. These two close friends - Greer and Bowden - fell out so badly they did not speak to each other for years (Q 1444). This is a falling out of thieves, not friends.

Q 1463. I have made the point about Greer's knowledge of the Rowland accusatory letter, and his discussion with Smith.

Q 1544. I should be interested in seeing any "short note" which explains how £13,333 can be a fee for the supply for a few days of press clippings.

Q 1557. Interesting that both Greer and Hamilton make the same response, a slur on "The Guardian", and not the obvious honest response, which is to explain why they did not request that the originals be ESDA-tested.

Q 1579. This may be the real "Grylls factor" in the withdrawal, known only to Greer, Hamilton and Stephenson.

Q 1645. This answer, we are later told, is so patently dishonest that the whole case had to be withdrawn. 1671 makes the point: no sensible answer is given.

Q 1653. A loss leader? What is it leading to?

Q 1681. When it suits him Greer is happy to lay blame on the "total incompetence" of his book-keepers. At other times (Q 1715, for instance) this excuse is not needed, so he flips the coin: "again, it demonstrates the way that we behaved in our bookkeeping ._._. behaving in a professional manner." He wants it both ways.

Q 1715. My information is that Greer was touting his book to publishers with a very different version of the Olga Maitland story, and promising revelations to her discredit. He does not explain the Hay invoice, or why in his cash-strapped company he should be so absurdly generous to someone who had passed on a message for him in Kuwait.

Q 1717. Hamilton was advised not to answer the letter. He should have done so openly, or not at all. Instead, he answers through a trusted intermediary: "I can appreciate your remarks".

Brown

The answer at Q 2321 is important: he asked Greer (the expert) whether he had to declare these payments and was told "I did not have to". That was surely the point, understood by Hamilton as well: the object of the exercise was to cheat both the Revenue and the Registrar. Brown knew it was a payment for services rendered, and hence declarable.

Malone (written evidence)

"As far as I was concerned that was the end of the matter" says Malone of the meeting on 11 November and his report back. We known from Greer's correspondence to Fayed it was not: Malone acts as a conduit, passing on the minister's remarks (which the ministers did not think right to commit to paper) and helpfully suggesting ways by which "The Observer" might be attacked so as to bring the question back into the minister's purview.

He was more helpful to Fayed than he admits, or than his position required, and he received a substantial donation to his next election campaign which he accepted knowing the source - Greer at least - whence it came. He says he could not declare it because he was not elected, but I am sure, like Bowden and Maitland, he would not have declared it if he had been elected!

What is emerging, surely, is a serious loophole in the transparency arrangements for MPs, whereby election "subsidies", paid as rewards for past help and inducements for possible future help, never see the light of day. I consider that, as an MP, Malone was wrong to accept a donation from a lobbyist full stop, whether he was elected or not. The problem inherent in his conduct can perhaps only be addressed by legislation requiring all donations, whether to an MP's election expenses or to his constituency at any time, to be publicly declared and recorded.

Bowden

The picture which is emerging is that he did accept £5,000 at the first meeting, in return for asking the aggressive questions, and that (egged on by Greer) he did try to supplant Hordern (for twice his fee) and was "sacked" because of his greed. It is plain that the "donation" to his fighting fund was related to his work for Fayed and Greer.

I note that Smith's first payment was also in cash, of £5,000, and in early 1987. I have made the point that our lawyers consider Bowden to have been in breach of the election expense provisions of the RPA, and his answer at Q 1204 shows that he is in breach of them already in relation to the election which is now "imminent" (thereby attracting the legal duty to work within the expense limits). Even if he did not know the money came from Fayed, he had a duty, when it came to him (in fact, after the election) to register his relationship with IGA.

I am amused by Bowden at Q 1209. He claims he had no knowledge of the "donation" coming from Fayed money and thought only that it came from Greer. Yet the Magowan letter about spending it he long ago filed away "in a large pile of papers I have in relation to Al-Fayed", not in relation to Greer! [Emphasis added]

Q 1220. I do not believe he ever gave "lectures", and here he virtually admits it. He was being paid for helping Greer with clients, and was not disclosing the fact.

Q 1248. Greer gives a different explanation. The true one is that "no lawyers" means "no credit-worthy witnesses to the receipt of a bribe".

Q 1272. Bowden withholds information of relevance about Land. Later he falsely states he had no knowledge of Land's payments (Q 1280) and does not volunteer the admission he made to the "Sunday Times" that Fayed offered him cash.

Grylls

This MP gives few satisfactory explanations for the many payments he is shown to receive from Greer, and none for the £5,000 quarterly payments. His letter to the Registrar on 14 June 1990 contained deliberate lies concocted with Greer. He supports the "bookkeeper" story, the tenuousness of which Hamilton and Greer now say was the reason the libel action was stopped. Did they ask Grylls whether he would go into the witness box, if necessary, to stand it up as at Q 2358?

Q 2362. Mister ten-percent has no concept of the position of trust an MP is in when he gives advice.

Q 2385. The question, in fact, answers itself. It is astonishing - an appalling comment on Parliament's self-regulation, circa 1990 - that Grylls even thought he would get away with it. I would urge you to take the same approach to the 1990 report on Grylls as to the 1995 report on Hamilton.

Q 2436. It is plain that the £10,000 was ascribed to UTC to launder the fact that it was a general Greer retainer to Grylls. I have to say that Grylls is both the most experienced and the most cunning of these corrupt MPs, and it shows in his arrangements. It could be altogether in keeping with his modus operandi that he should require Greer to be his "bagman" (or "envelope man") rather than taking the risk, like Smith and Hamilton, of collecting the cash himself.

Q 2478. Grylls admits the central role of the Trade and Industry Committee and its office bearers, which is a key fact in this conspiracy. His answer at Q 2609 - which is true enough - showed just how dishonest the conspirators were when they met ministers to pretend that they were there on behalf of the Committee, representing a backbench opinion solidly behind Fayed.

I make the final point that Grylls is a wealthy man who has not sued "The Guardian" or the publishers of "Sleaze". That is because our allegations against him are true.

Smith

Q 1038. I do not think corruption of a hitherto highly regarded accountant and MP happens quite like this, or quite as late as this.

Smith is understandably anxious to avoid any suggestion of being bribed for the adjournment debate, but he has no relevant records. He is in all probability bribed (or expects payment for) his flurry of activity in March 1987: he is calling Fayed direct at this time. Fayed does not just pull £5,000 out of a suitcase and surprise Smith by giving it to him. There is an expectation on Smith's part, a request or certainly a heavy hint - the man is one of his party's leading fund-raisers and he knows how to indicate to businessmen what is expected of them. The fact that he came back for more, and more, and more, proves the point.

The fact that he was given the money in cash, at private meetings in this period or by courier, supports the case against Hamilton.

It is clear now that Smith kept no records at all, just stashed the cash in banks or building societies or spent it. His estimate of £18,000 is probably an underestimate. He has no tax papers recording it and I seriously doubt whether he did in fact declare it in the global figure he declared for tax purposes. Why should he be honest, having acted dishonestly and corruptly in making the money? This makes his resignation letter to the PM - on which the PM remarked - false in one material particular. It is also false in another: he gave the impression that the payments were belatedly registered. It is now clear that they were not, in any proper or permanent form. All his evidence demonstrates beyond doubt that these "fees" were received as bribes.

Q 1130 is very important. Here he repeats his statement that he disclosed what had been going on to the Government's chief whip (although he is not asked to identify him or indicate the time when disclosures were made). "The Guardian" wishes to make a complaint against the chief whip, on the grounds that he failed to notify the authorities, either parliamentary or police, after receiving an MP's confession to serious criminal conduct which he had reason to suspect might be ongoing with other MPs. The chief whip at the time was either David Waddington or Timothy Renton, but Mr Smith should be asked to confirm this.Lady Olga Maitland (written evidence)

I am wholly unsatisfied with Lady Olga's answers and believe our complaint should be pursued. She was paid, during her election campaign £3,000, by Greer. What did she do to earn this? Both Greer and Maitland are silent on her work. Intervened? Passed a message? - hardly work worth £3,000.

Why does Greer make her two payments for the same "work"? Greer's gratitude might have been expressed with flowers. He was buying her influence as a soon-to-be-elected MP, and he called it the debt, inter alia, in respect of the Royal Marsden. It was quite wrong of her to move the adjournment debate without disclosing her interest in the hospital's lobbyist. She does not address the very important evidence of Greer's post-election payments to her husband Robin Hay, at the time she was campaigning for the Royal Marsden. As I understand that Mr Hay is a Recorder, his involvement in what one must suspect to be a payment to his wife may have a serious dimension.

Alan Rusbridger

March 7 1997




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