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WELFARE REFORM AND PENSIONS BILL [MONEY]
Queen's recommendation having been signified--
Motion made, and Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 52(1)(a),
Resolved,
Ordered,
Mr. Deputy Speaker:
That is not a matter for the Chair. No doubt the House and those on the Front Bench will have heard the hon. Gentleman's point.
Motion made, and Question proposed, That this House do now adjourn.--[Mr. Allen.]
Mr. Andrew George (St. Ives):
In many ways, I wish that there had been no need for the debate. I wish that the self-evident case for the official recognition of the Cornish language was accepted for the foregone conclusion that it should be. That may still be so, but the primary point of raising the issue this evening is that the Foreign Office has not yet been informed which of the home Departments has the capacity and responsibility to assess the case. I am not apportioning blame for that, because it has been so for many years. It is not the fault of this Government.
During the debate, I should like to explain the growing interest in the revival of the Cornish language; the fact that Cornwall wants to make a small but significant contribution to the celebration of the diversity of cultures and languages throughout the British Isles and Europe; and to make the case for the official recognition of the Cornish language.
Cornish is one of the Brythonic Celtic languages, which include Welsh, Breton and, originally, Cumbrian. The related languages of Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx are known are known as Goidelic and are based on a different spelling system.
Even at the time of the Prayer Book rebellion 450 years ago in 1549, which was a reaction to Parliament passing the first Act of Uniformity, people in many areas of Cornwall, including most of west Cornwall, understood little English. Place names throughout Cornwall bear witness to that.
We have to keep everything in proportion. The Cornish language is not now a life and death issue, but in 1549 it was. Many Cornish people protesting against the imposition of an English Prayer book were massacred by the King's army. Their leaders were executed and the people suffered numerous reprisals.
The Cornish language is supposed to have died out in about 1800--a year after the death of Dolly Pentreath, whose native language it was and who could speak little English. However, it carried on throughout the19th century and into the 20th century. Even in my constituency of St. Ives, fishermen were counting fish in the Cornish language into the 1940s. In the early part of the century, my grandparents on the Lizard were speaking Cornish in a dialect form at home, and a dialect form of Cornish continues to this day in some areas.
One might ask the extent to which the language is now spoken. The night before last, I was judging the finals of the Pan-Celtic song for Cornwall competition on local radio. There were 32 entries--all sung in the Cornish language--in a variety of genres from folk to classical, rock, punk, indie and rap. Many groups were young people. One of the finalists consisted of five members with an average age of 14. Some of it was fairly ordinary, but the majority was impressive, and the finalists were breathtaking.
It is estimated that there are approximately 3,000 Cornish speakers. Many thousands more are like me, and either speak some Cornish or have a knowledge of the
language. The vast majority, if not the whole population, see Cornish as an emblem of pride. Cornish, of course, exists in place names, and a knowledge of the language really helps to read the landscape. Many Cornish names are adopted for children, pets, houses and boats.
Cornwall county council has an established policy to support the language, and last week passed a motion supporting it being specified within the European charter for regional or minority languages. There are at least three regular periodicals solely in the language--An Gannas, An Gowser and An Garrick. The two local radio stations, Radio Cornwall and Pirate FM, have regular news broadcasts in Cornish, and have other programmes and features for learners and enthusiasts.
Local newspapers such as the Western Morning News have regular articles in Cornish, and newspapers such as The Packet, The West Briton and The Cornishman have also supported the movement. The St Ives Times & Echo felt so confident about local knowledge of the language that it circulated Christmas messages and cards saying
The take-up of the language is now becoming so widespread that organisations such as Kevas an taves Kernewek, the Cornish Language Board, are finding it difficult to keep up with demand. Others include the Cornish sub-group of the European bureau for lesser-used languages, Teere ha Tavas--or land and language--Gorseth Kernow, Cussel an Tavas Kernuack, Cowethas an Yeth, Agan Tavas and Dalleth, the last of which is the organisation promoting language to pre-school children. There are many popular ceremonies--some ancient, some modern--which either use the language or are entirely in the language.
Cornwall has many other cultural events associated with the language, including the prestigious international Celtic film festival, which we hosted in St. Ives in 1997, with the programme in Cornish, English and French. There are many films--some televised--made entirely, or significantly, in the language; the latest on the Cornish surfing culture.
Commercially, Cornish is taking off, with shops selling only Cornish material, such as An Lyverjy Kernewak, the Cornish book shop in the town of Helston in the south of my constituency. Many companies are preferring to use Cornish names, and the GP overnight service in the county is now called Kernowdoc. A great deal now goes on in our schools--more than in my day--and there are many who study Cornish at degree level in places such as Aberystwyth, Wales, and Harvard, USA.
One may ask what benefit that brings. In a world where many commercial and multinational forces are producing bland uniformity, people want to hold on to--and even develop--the fragments of cultural remains. In Cornwall, I would argue that we have more than simply fragments, and we generate significant cultural tourism not only in itself, but as an added dimension to the tourist experience.
That has also been significant in helping Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly to secure objective 1 status, which we hope will be secured at the end of March in the next EU funding programme. Eurostat, in its statement agreeing to the splitting of Cornwall from Devon for statistical purposes, made very specific reference to
That, for the purposes of any Act resulting from the Welfare Reform and Pensions Bill, it is expedient to authorise--
23 Feb 1999 : Column 292
(1) the payment out of money provided by Parliament of--
(a) any expenditure incurred by a Minister of the Crown or government department under the Act;
(b) any increase attributable to the Act in the sums which under any other Act are payable out of money so provided;
(2) the payment out of the Consolidated Fund of any increase attributable to the Act in the sums which under any other Act are payable out of that Fund.--[Mr. Allen.]
Question agreed to.
Motion made, and Question put forthwith, pursuant to Standing Order No. 52(1)(a),
That, for the purposes of any Act resulting from the Welfare Reform and Pensions Bill, it is expedient to authorise--
Question agreed to.
(a) payments out of the National Insurance Fund into the Consolidated Fund in respect of expenditure incurred by the Secretary of State under the Act;
(b) any increase attributable to the Act in the sums which under any other Act are payable into the Consolidated Fund.--[Mr. Allen.]
That it is expedient that a Joint Committee of Lords and Commons be appointed to report on the consultative document on the draft financial services and markets bill presented by Her Majesty's Command on 21st December 1998 and any further draft of the bill which may be laid upon the Table of both Houses by a Minister of the Crown and to report by 30th April 1999.--[Mr. Allen.]
To be communicated to the Lords, and their concurrence desired thereto.
That the Local Authorities (Alteration of Requisite Calculations) (England) Regulations 1999 (S.I., 1999, No. 228) be referred to a Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation.--[Mr. Allen.]
Mr. Andrew Mackinlay (Thurrock):
On a point of order, Mr. Deputy Speaker. I wonder whether you can help me. I understand that this afternoon my right hon. Friend the Foreign Secretary gave some written replies to the hon. Member for Chesham and Amersham (Mrs. Gillan). I have been to the Library in the past 15 minutes to see them, but they are not there. I have gone to the Press Gallery, but they are not available there. All hon. Members are entitled to see written answers. I understand that answers from the Foreign Office are often the latest to arrive. I want to see those replies tonight. If they are available to some hon. Members, they should be available to the whole House.
10.27 pm
"Nadelek Lowen ha Blethen Noweth da"
and offered no translation to the English version
"Wishing You a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year".
The language has financial sponsorship from many sources, including the Millennium Commission. The Bishop's advisory committee on Cornish language services provides advice and support to churches wishing to use the language. Increasingly, churches have visitors' instructions in Cornish and English.
"Cornwall's . . . distinctive cultural and historic factors reflecting a Celtic background."
Before Cornish can rightfully take its place as an officially recognised language, we need to sort out which Department is responsible for assessing Cornwall's case for being specified under part II of the European charter for regional or minority languages. It has been considered by the Department for Education and Employment, the Home Office, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions and the Welsh Office; I have asked the Cabinet Office to determine responsibility, but it has put the question back to the Foreign Office.
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