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Other restrictions |
| Restriction on imposing custodial sentences on persons not legally represented. |
83. - (1) A magistrates' court on summary conviction, or the Crown Court on committal for sentence or on conviction on indictment, shall not pass a sentence of imprisonment on a person who-
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(a) is not legally represented in that court, and |
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(b) has not been previously sentenced to that punishment by a court in any part of the United Kingdom, |
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unless he is a person to whom subsection (3) below applies.
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(2) A magistrates' court on summary conviction, or the Crown Court on committal for sentence or on conviction on indictment, shall not-
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(a) pass a sentence of detention under section 90 or 91 below, |
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(b) pass a sentence of custody for life under section 93 or 94 below, |
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(c) pass a sentence of detention in a young offender institution, or |
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(d) make a detention and training order, |
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on or in respect of a person who is not legally represented in that court unless he is a person to whom subsection (3) below applies.
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(3) This subsection applies to a person if either-
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(a) he was granted a right to representation funded by the Legal Services Commission as part of the Criminal Defence Service but the right was withdrawn because of his conduct; or |
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(b) having been informed of his right to apply for such representation and having had the opportunity to do so, he refused or failed to apply. |
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(4) For the purposes of this section a person is to be treated as legally represented in a court if, but only if, he has the assistance of counsel or a solicitor to represent him in the proceedings in that court at some time after he is found guilty and before he is sentenced.
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(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above a previous sentence of imprisonment which has been suspended and which has not taken effect under section 119 below or under section 19 of the Treatment of Offenders Act (Northern Ireland) 1968 shall be disregarded.
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(6) In this section "sentence of imprisonment" does not include a committal for contempt of court or any kindred offence.
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| Restriction on consecutive sentences for released prisoners. |
84. - (1) A court sentencing a person to a term of imprisonment shall not order or direct that the term shall commence on the expiry of any other sentence of imprisonment from which he has been released under Part II of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (early release of prisoners).
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(2) Expressions used in this section shall be construed as if they were contained in that Part.
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(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2) above, any reference in this section to imprisonment shall be construed in accordance with section 43 (young offenders) and section 45 (fine defaulters and contemnors) of that Act.
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Sexual and violent offences: licences etc. |
| Sexual or violent offences: extension of certain custodial sentences for licence purposes. |
85. - (1) This section applies where a court-
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(a) proposes to impose a custodial sentence for a sexual or violent offence committed on or after 30th September 1998; and |
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(b) considers that the period (if any) for which the offender would, apart from this section, be subject to a licence would not be adequate for the purpose of preventing the commission by him of further offences and securing his rehabilitation. |
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(2) Subject to subsections (3) to (5) below, the court may pass on the offender an extended sentence, that is to say, a custodial sentence the term of which is equal to the aggregate of-
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(a) the term of the custodial sentence that the court would have imposed if it had passed a custodial sentence otherwise than under this section ("the custodial term"); and |
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(b) a further period ("the extension period") for which the offender is to be subject to a licence and which is of such length as the court considers necessary for the purpose mentioned in subsection (1) above. |
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(3) Where the offence is a violent offence, the court shall not pass an extended sentence the custodial term of which is less than four years.
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(4) The extension period shall not exceed-
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(a) ten years in the case of a sexual offence; and |
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(b) five years in the case of a violent offence. |
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(5) The term of an extended sentence passed in respect of an offence shall not exceed the maximum term permitted for that offence.
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(6) Subsection (2) of section 80 above (length of discretionary custodial sentences) shall apply as if the term of an extended sentence did not include the extension period.
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(7) The Secretary of State may by order amend paragraph (b) of subsection (4) above by substituting a different period, not exceeding ten years, for the period for the time being specified in that paragraph.
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(8) In this section "licence" means a licence under Part II of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (early release of prisoners).
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| Sexual offences committed before 30th September 1998. |
86. - (1) Where, in the case of a long-term or short-term prisoner-
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(a) the whole or any part of his sentence was imposed for a sexual offence committed before 30th September 1998, and |
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(b) the court by which he was sentenced for that offence, having had regard to the matters mentioned in section 32(6)(a) and (b) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991, ordered that this section should apply, |
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sections 33(3) and 37(1) of that Act shall each have effect as if for the reference to three-quarters of his sentence there were substituted a reference to the whole of that sentence.
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(2) Expressions used in this section shall be construed as if they were contained in Part II of the Criminal Justice Act 1991.
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(3) The reference in subsection (1) above to section 33(3) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 is to section 33(3) as it has effect without the amendment made by section 104(1) of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (which substituted the words "on licence" for the word "unconditionally" and does not apply in relation to a prisoner whose sentence or any part of whose sentence was imposed for an offence committed before 30th September 1998).
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Crediting of periods of remand in custody |
| Crediting of periods of remand in custody: terms of imprisonment and detention. |
87. - (1) This section applies where-
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(a) a court sentences an offender to imprisonment for a term in respect of an offence committed after the commencement of this section; and |
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(b) the offender has been remanded in custody (within the meaning given by section 88 below) in connection with the offence or a related offence, that is to say, any other offence the charge for which was founded on the same facts or evidence. |
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(2) It is immaterial for that purpose whether the offender-
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(a) has also been remanded in custody in connection with other offences; or |
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(b) has also been detained in connection with other matters. |
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(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, the court shall direct that the number of days for which the offender was remanded in custody in connection with the offence or a related offence shall count as time served by him as part of the sentence.
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(4) Subsection (3) above shall not apply if and to the extent that-
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(a) rules made by the Secretary of State so provide in the case of- |
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(i) a remand in custody which is wholly or partly concurrent with a sentence of imprisonment; or
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(ii) sentences of imprisonment for consecutive terms or for terms which are wholly or partly concurrent; or
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(b) it is in the opinion of the court just in all the circumstances not to give a direction under that subsection. |
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(5) Where the court gives a direction under subsection (3) above, it shall state in open court-
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(a) the number of days for which the offender was remanded in custody; and |
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(b) the number of days in relation to which the direction is given. |
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(6) Where the court does not give a direction under subsection (3) above, or gives such a direction in relation to a number of days less than that for which the offender was remanded in custody, it shall state in open court-
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(a) that its decision is in accordance with rules made under paragraph (a) of subsection (4) above; or |
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(b) that it is of the opinion mentioned in paragraph (b) of that subsection and what the circumstances are. |
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(7) Rules under subsection (4)(a) above may make such incidental, supplemental and consequential provisions as may appear to the Secretary of State to be necessary or expedient.
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(8) For the purposes of this section a suspended sentence-
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(a) shall be treated as a sentence of imprisonment when it takes effect under section 119 below; and |
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(b) shall be treated as being imposed by the order under which it takes effect. |
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(9) For the purposes of this section, the definition of "sentence of imprisonment" in section 163 below shall apply as if for the words from the beginning of the definition to the end of paragraph (a) there were substituted-
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" "sentence of imprisonment" does not include a committal- |
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(a) in default of payment of any sum of money, other than one adjudged to be paid by a conviction;";
and references in this section to sentencing an offender to imprisonment, and to an offender's sentence, shall be construed accordingly.
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(10) For the purposes of the reference in subsection (3) above to the term of imprisonment to which a person has been sentenced (that is to say, the reference to his "sentence"), consecutive terms and terms which are wholly or partly concurrent shall be treated as a single term if-
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(a) the sentences were passed on the same occasion; or |
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(b) where they were passed on different occasions, the person has not been released under Part II of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 (early release of prisoners) at any time during the period beginning with the first and ending with the last of those occasions. |
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(11) Where an offence is found to have been committed over a period of two or more days, or at some time during a period of two or more days, it shall be taken for the purposes of subsection (1) above to have been committed on the last of those days.
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(12) This section applies to-
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(a) a determinate sentence of detention under section 91 below, and |
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(b) a sentence of detention in a young offender institution, |
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as it applies to an equivalent sentence of imprisonment.
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| Meaning of "remand in custody". |
88. - (1) References in section 87 above to an offender's being remanded in custody are references to his being-
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(a) held in police detention; |
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(b) remanded in or committed to custody by an order of a court; |
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(c) remanded or committed to local authority accommodation under section 23 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and placed and kept in secure accommodation; or |
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(d) remanded, admitted or removed to hospital under section 35, 36, 38 or 48 of the Mental Health Act 1983. |
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(2) A person is in police detention for the purposes of subsection (1) above-
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(a) at any time when he is in police detention for the purposes of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984; and |
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(b) at any time when he is detained under section 14 of the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989. |
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(3) In subsection (1) above, "secure accommodation" has the same meaning as in section 23 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969.
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