MEMORANDUM BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST
SCHEME REGULATORY BODY (ENTRUST) (DSW 82)
INTRODUCTION
1. The Landfill Tax Credit Scheme (LFTCS)
was introduced as part of the Landfill Tax Regulations on 1 October
1996. It applies to the whole of the UK. Provisions for the Scheme
are covered in the Landfill Tax Regulations 1996 and, as amended,
1999. ENTRUST is the not-for-profit Regulatory Body appointed
by HM Customs and Excise with the responsibility to regulate and
administer the Scheme. The Credit Scheme enables funds to be used
for a range of specified activities, including community improvements
valuable for social benefits and sustainable development in the
widest sense. Due to its private sector origin and distribution
by Landfill Operators (LOs), Credit Scheme funds can be matched
from public sources, some Environmental Bodies (EBs) achieving
multiplying factors of six or more. Several illustrative projects
are described for information.
2. ENTRUST's duties are principally the
enrolment of organisations as EBs and the monitoring of their
operational compliance with the requirements of the Regulations.
The duties of the Regulator include:
— enrolment of Environmental Bodies;
— scrutiny of projects for compliance
with the "approved objects";
— audit and monitoring of EBs' expenditure
on the "approved objects";
— revocation of non-compliant EBs (six
have been compulsorily revoked);
— promotion of the Credit Scheme;
— making recommendations to HM Customs
and Excise for beneficial changes to the Scheme; and
— interpreting the Regulations.
Further explanations and examples of the full
range of LFTCS projects are given in attachments. It should be
noted that the objectives of the Landfill Tax and the Landfill
Tax Credit Scheme are different.
3. ENTRUST does not:
— receive LO contributions;
— allocate LO contributions;
— direct funds to projects;
— have discretion to alter the Regulations;
— make judgments about the quality
of projects;
— make judgments about project value-for-money;
and
— make judgments about EB efficiency.
Similarly, the LFTCS is not the "ENTRUST
Scheme", nor are LO/EB funds "ENTRUST funds".
4. The Sub-committee's Press Notice No 50
itemises seven bullet points for special attention and this submission
addresses the following aspects:
— more efficient use of resources to
reduce materials entering the waste stream;
— measures supporting increases in
recycling, including product and market development;
— reduction of waste sent to landfill;
and
— actions to educate the public about
sustainable waste management.
The submission provides information on the entire
range of Credit Scheme activities, but concentrating on sustainable
waste management data, including statistics on numbers and subjects
of projects, expenditure totals and examples of projects implemented.
The scope of the Sub-Committee's inquiry extends much more widely
than the LFTCS alone and the data gathered by ENTRUST may provide
useful insight into many relevant aspects. About one-third of
the 1,050 funded EBs, and more than 20 per cent of the projects
involve SWM in some way.
5. The objects covered by the LFTCS are:
| A | reclamation of derelict or contaminated land, whose use is prevented by a previous activity;
|
| B | reduction of pollution of land, whose use is prevented by a previous activity, or its effects;
|
| C | the encouragement of the use of more sustainable waste management activities;
|
| CC | the encouragement of the development of markets for and/or products from recovered materials;
|
| D | the provision or maintenance of public parks or other public amenities;
|
| E | the restoration or repair of buildings for religious worship or those of historical or architectural importance;
|
| F | the provision of administrative, financial or other services to other EBs.
|
Table 1
EB-NOTIFIED EXPENDITURE BY YEAR
| Object | 1998 (£M)
| 1999 (£M) | 2000 to date (£M)1
| Totals (£M) |
| A | 2.6 | 3.8
| 2.3 | 8.8 |
| B | 0.2 | 0.1
| 0.4 | 0.7 |
| C | 12.3 (31%) | 17.5 (36%)
| 11.8 (25%) | 39.3 (29%) |
| D | 21.9 (56%) | 23.7 (48%)
| 27.6 (58%) | 75.6 (56%) |
| E | 2.1 | 3.6
| 4.9 | 10.6 |
| F | 0.1 | 0.1
| 0.3 | 0.5 |
| TOTALS | 39.2 | 48.8
| 47.3 | 135.5 |
Note: 1 Year 2000 data based on 45 per cent of returns; remainder
are due by end of year.
CREDIT SCHEME
SUSTAINABLE WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
6. Table 1 shows the expenditure declared by EBs in each
of the Scheme objects, "c" and "cc" being
combined. From the inception of the LFTCS under the 1996 Regulations
before amendment, ENTRUST has always recognised the legitimacy
of recycling and the development of new markets for recycled materials
within the definition of sustainable waste management. Specifically
included under object "c" and "cc" in the
1996 and 1999 Regulations were projects dealing with:
— waste minimisation (c);
— minimisation of pollution and harm from waste
(c);
— recycling of waste (c);
— waste recovery activities (c);
— cleaning of pollutants from contaminated land
(c);
— development of products and markets for recovered
material (cc).
ENTRUST also included projects in the following areas as
eligible under object "c":
— incineration/waste to energy;
— recycled material specification development and
education;
— landfill technology and safety development.
7. There have been 866 funded object "c/cc"
projects, comprising about one-third of funds employed, and the
subject matter breaks down as shown in Table 2. It is important
to note that these figures reflect the historical spend, not the
current commitment of funds to particular objects. Moreover, it
cannot necessarily be assumed that the allocation of new funding
will follow these proportions.
Table 2
BREAK-DOWN OF SPEND ON OBJECT C/CC TOPICS
| Topic | Project Nos
| Funding (£M) |
| Waste Management General | 31
| 1.3 |
| Waste Minimisation/Avoidance | 81
| 3.8 |
| Recycling | 233 | 12.1
|
| Composting | 101 | 2.8
|
| Energy from waste/Incineration | 8
| 0.4 |
| Business support | 33 | 1.1
|
| Staffing | 18 | 0.5
|
| Landfill Technology | 13 |
1.0 |
| Studies | 14 | 0.1
|
| R&D (not covered elsewhere) | 106
| 5.6 |
| Education | 224 | 10.4
|
| Miscellaneous | 4 | 0.2
|
| TOTAL | 866 | 39.3
|
8. It is striking that the two main spending areas each
comprise more than a quarter of the total. A relatively high proportion
of the non-education work could be classed as research, development
or demonstration, although some of the recycling projects, in
particular, have significant elements of education within them.
An example of this would include the education of the public to
use different ways of collecting recyclables. Typical examples
of other areas are given in Table 3.
9. ENTRUST engages in discussions of policy relating
to regulatory issues. There is regular exchange of views, at all
levels, with officials of HM Customs and Excise. When requested,
advice based on our experience as the regulator is also provided
to others. Thus, ENTRUST has assisted in discussions between DETR/DTI
and the ESA in the formulation of "indicative guidelines"
for the funding of the Credit Scheme.
10. ENTRUST is required, under its Terms of Approval,
to promote the Scheme, and considers it to be essential to maximise
the effectiveness of the Scheme. Although efficiency, the quality
(or exclusivity) of research or value for money are not aspects
falling within the regulatory ambit, ENTRUST is keen to minimise
any waste of resources such as duplication in objects "c/cc".
In the light of the information and knowledge gathered, we have
supplied information to several sustainable waste management R&D
conferences and symposia and, ourselves, initiated a conference
of EBs and other interested parties who had either submitted duplicated
proposals or were known to be considering doing so. The result
from this conference was that several EBs volunteered to cease
their activities in this area, while all agreed to collaborate
in two Steering Groups examining:
— means to avoid the creation of a centralised waste
management database by utilising advanced information technology;
— how to improve co-ordination of sustainable waste
management research, development, education and information dissemination
so that project duplication would be minimised and the efficiency
of the Credit Scheme could be optimised.
As of this submission two meetings of each Group have been
held.
Table 3
TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS BY TOPIC AREA
| Topic | Project type
| | Project nos |
| Waste Minimisation | Anti-litter campaigns
| | |
| Support and education of businesses
| | |
| Waste minimisation clubs
| | |
| Schools' educational programmes
| | 81 |
| Waste watches |
| |
| Best practice programmes
| | |
| Recycling and associated Activities | As Table 2
| | 233 |
| Composting | As Table 2 |
| 101 |
| Research and Development | Waste databases and statistics
| | |
| (not accounted elsewhere) | Waste analyses and measurements
| | |
| Pre-treatment field trials
| | |
| Universities |
| 106 |
| Modelling |
| |
| Technical options development
| | |
| Specific R&D contracts
| | |
| Education | School curriculum teachers' packs
| | |
| CD-ROMs and videos |
| |
| Newsletters, magazines, periodicals
| | |
| Exhibitions, workshops |
| 224 |
| Best practice guidance |
| |
| General waste management information
| | |
SCHEME ACHIEVEMENTS
11. The Scheme has, to date, made available more than
£285 million in contributions from LOs. Expenditure so far
(with only 45 per cent of returns received for calendar year 2000)
is about half this at £135 million, of which almost one third
is under object "c" and "cc" and just over
half is under object "d". There is, inevitably, a lag
between contributions and expenditure, even where a project is
relatively short-lived. For longer and more complex projects,
there may be delays for several reasons, eg:
— EBs may be awaiting matching funds from other
sources, such as central government or the EU;
— EBs may be awaiting other resources to become
available, such as planning permissions, staff, sites, laboratories
or equipment delivery;
— EBs could be phasing the project to minimise the
cost;
— specifically regarding object "c/cc"
projects, it is important to recognise that, by their nature,
R&D projects take time to be defined and implemented.
12. Over the next two to four years, the trend indicates
that the Scheme's expenditure rate will approach equilibrium with
the contributions rate. Moreover, at this stage in the development
of the Scheme, historic spend is not necessarily a reliable forecast
of the future balance between objects "c" and "d".
13. Table 2 shows the major areas of spend—waste
minimisation, recycling and materials recovery, composting, R&D
and education/information provision. The R&D category contains
projects of a diversified nature (covering two or more areas)
that cannot be attributed solely to one of the other principal
categories.
14. The evaluation of these object "c" and
"cc" projects is not a simple task. However, it is clear
that the Scheme has launched a substantial number and value of
R&D and educational programmes, in advance of the Waste Strategy.
The existing momentum of the Scheme will facilitate rapid reaction
to aspects of the Strategy that may be selected for future funding
by contributors (LOs and Contributing Third Parties (CTPs)).
15. As an illustration of the benefits accruing generally
from the Scheme, Table 4 shows a break-down of the expenditure
under object "d"—the provision of public parks,
amenities and other community facilities, etc. These and other
projects provide social benefits and assist sustainable development
in a wider sense than sustainable waste management, such as the
expenditure on cycle-and foot-paths facilitating reduction in
vehicle use.
Table 4
OBJECT "D" PROJECT ANALYSIS
| Classification | No
| Count % | Total Spend (£M)
| Spend % |
| Nature reserves/habitats/SSSIs | 378
| 16.8 | 12.4 | 16.5
|
| Parks/amenities general | 248
| 11.0 | 12.7 | 16.8
|
| Business support | 1 | 0.04
| 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Project staffing/recruitment | 35
| 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.6
|
| Planting | 76 | 3.4
| 2.0 | 2.7 |
| Surveys/feasibility studies | 22
| 0.9 | 0.6 | 8.4
|
| Greens/Gardens/Grasslands | 316
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 8.9
|
| Village halls/centres etc | 273
| 12.1 | 7.2 | 9.5
|
| Playgrounds/fields | 237 |
10.5 | 8.8 | 11.7
|
| Canals | 24 | 1.1
| 2.2 | 3.0 |
| Foot/cycle/bridle paths | 254
| 11.3 | 11.0 | 14.6
|
| Woodlands/forest | 148 |
6.6 | 5.5 | 7.3
|
| Lakes, rivers, ponds etc | 83
| 3.7 | 1.5 | 2.0
|
| Education/information | 33 |
1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9
|
| Restoration | 36 | 1.6
| 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Repair/maintenance | 57 |
2.5 | 0.6 | 0.8
|
| Miscellaneous | 33 | 1.4
| 0.7 | 0.9 |
| TOTALS | 2,254 | 100.0
| 75.6 | 100.0 |
CONCLUSIONS
16. The Sub-committee's Press Notice No 50 itemises seven
bullet points for special attention. The ENTRUST statistics summarised
in this evidence show that, in addition to other relevant areas,
voluntary contributions have funded R&D in the following specified
fields:
— the more efficient use of resources to achieve
wastes reduction;
— the development of markets for recycled materials
(including compost);
— incineration and energy from waste, as a disposal/recovery
option;
— opportunities for "green" procurement;
and
— a wide variety of actions to educate the public
(of all ages) about the importance of sustainable waste management.
17. ENTRUST has demonstrated that it is prepared to take
action, as necessary, to protect the integrity of the Scheme by
revoking non-compliant bodies. So far the enrolments of six bodies
have been forcibly revoked, including two where seven people were
arrested by Hertfordshire Police in September 1999, following
information supplied by ENTRUST through HM Customs and Excise.
18. ENTRUST believes that the first four years of the
Scheme have fully justified the foresight and vision of the original
concept. The success is attributable to the enthusiastic response
of environmental organisations, LOs and CTPs. The Scheme is now
approaching maturity in the sense that the numbers and value of
projects, justified by the magnitude of the contributions, have
been implemented.
19. ENTRUST welcomes the interest of, and support received
from, Ministers and Departmental Officials, and is pleased by
the growing interest shown in the Scheme and its activities by
Parliament. ENTRUST is also gratified by the support for the LFTCS
received from EBs and LOs throughout the country. The numbers
of EBs and LOs participating in the Scheme has exceeded expectations
by a wide margin and continues to do so.
20. Results so far indicate excellent prospects for the
future. The increasing availability of funds has produced substantial
increases in the flow of voluntary contributions, with enhanced
benefits to the physical and social environment.
21. Object "c/cc" projects comprise all kinds
of sustainable waste management support—R&D and demonstration-scale
projects, education and information provision on a very wide range
of topics. Should LOs choose to alter the balance of their contributions
in response to the Strategy, the experience of the Scheme will
facilitate a rapid response.
22. Existing trends indicate that the rate of Credit
Scheme expenditure by EBs will achieve broad equilibrium with
the contributions' rate, within the next few years.
23. LFTCS contributions provide basic funding for EBs,
with which other sources (eg Lottery, EU, etc) can match. This
may delay spending some of the LFTCS funds due to having to await
such matching finance. However, where matching funding has been
received, it has enabled the basic credit Scheme contributions
to be multiplied up to six-fold as, for example, has occurred
in the following projects described in the Appendix:
— Penwith Heritage Mining Coast (A1);
— Research into high-fibre composting (A12);
— Community Re Paint (A16);
— Green waste collection (A18).
September 2000
APPENDIX
ILLUSTRATIVE CREDIT SCHEME PROJECTS
Penwith Heritage Mining Coast Project (County Environmental
Trust—SW Cornwall) [£35,000 (LTCS) of £500,000
project cost]—OBJECTS A, B, D and E
A1. This project covers land reclamation/remediation
and economic regeneration in a former tin and copper mining area
of outstanding beauty, historical importance and in agricultural
decline. When complete the area will offer enhanced public access
and attractiveness to tourists. Rehabilitation of this area requires
a range of essential safety works. Old mining stopes on the cliff
will be fenced, the tramway tunnel to the stamps re-opened, collapsing
walling made good, arsenic contamination assessed and mine workings
made safe. The Man Engine Shaft at Levant (presently unsatisfactorily
capped) will be restored and the tunnel re-opened to provide a
fitting commemoration to the 30 men who died in the 1919 disaster
which caused the mine's closure.
A2. Physical outputs of the project will include improvement
of 15.35 ha of derelict land, consolidation of 15 buildings, improvement
of 1.3 kilometre of footpath and the creation of 19 temporary
jobs along with the longer-term creation of several permanent
employment posts.
A3. It is a major partnership project. Works funded in
this stage will form a core part of a World Heritage Status bid,
coupled with an Objective 1 Bid further to regenerate the area's
regional distinctiveness and attractiveness to tourists. The project
is supervised by Cornwall County Council's Land Reclamation Unit,
working closely with the National Trust. Other partners involved
in the project are; South West England Regional Development Agency;
Penwith District Council (Economic Development Department); St
Just Town Council; The Trevithick Trust; Cornwall Archaeological
Unit; Cornwall Wildlife Trust; English Nature, English Heritage;
Local Businesses and, of course, County Environmental Trust.
A4. Landfill Tax Credit funding was an important factor
in the levering-in of other support. County Environmental Trust's
£35,000 contribution has helped to win funds from other sources,
to meet a total current project cost of over £500,000. Other
sources of funding include the National Trust, the European Regional
Development Fund, Cornwall County Council and the South West Regional
Development Agency.
Schools' Recycling Scheme (The Wiltshire Wildlife Trust) [LTCS
funding £56,653] OBJECT C
A5. The Schools' Recycling Scheme was launched in September
1997 to enable both primary and secondary schools to become actively
involved in the 3R's of Waste—Reduce, Re-use and Recycle.
The scheme has gone form strength to strength and now entering
its third year actively engages over 70 schools in waste minimisation.
The scheme encourages children and their parents and teachers
to reduce, re-use and recycle at both the home and school. In
total 19,500 children have now been involved in the scheme and
over 400 tonnes of paper has been collected for recycling.
A6. The project supported by Landfill Tax Credits, acts
as a partnership between Hills Waste and the Trust. Hills provide
the mechanism for collecting recycled paper or textiles from schools
by providing bins, organising their collection and making payments
for the waste collected. The Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, through
the employment of an Education Officer, provides the awareness-raising
and educational support to schools on why waste minimisation is
vital to the earth's future. Through a series of innovative education
programmes young people are engaged in waste issues so that they
can make informed decisions on using the 3R's in their daily lives.
A7. The key to the success of this project is the personal
contact that has developed between the Trusts Education Officer,
Hills Waste and schools. This is sustained through a variety of
innovative activities, which include the development of a Waste
Warrior character that issues challenges to schools. A Waste Warrior
newsletter is produced and a certificate scheme and competition
has been developed in order to recognise achievement. A range
of educational programmes have also been developed including "Put
your classroom bin on a diet", Waste Warrior school assemblies
and "What a load of rubbish" a visit to the Hills Material
Recovery Facility.
Creation of a reed-bed as Wildlife Habitat and wastewater treatment
at Slimbridge (Gloucestershire Environmental Trust/Wildfowl and
Wetlands Trust/Cory) [Cost £28,500] OBJECTS C and D
A8. Support of £28,500 from the Gloucestershire
Environmental Trust supported by Cory Environmental, enabled the
Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust to create a 1,500 m2 reed-bed. The
reed-bed acts as a filter cleaning effluent from the Trust visitor
centre, including kitchen and toilet wastes. The material passes
through a series of other beds before the reed-bed performs the
final cleansing. Environmentalist Jonathon Porritt said that this
method is "positively the most sustainable form of waste
cleansing there is".
A9. In addition to its cleansing properties the reed-bed
offers a valuable habitat for a variety of birds and animals,
and is a valuable asset to the Trust's well-used visitor centre.
Recycling in Newport, Gwent (Wastesavers Recycling Association)
[LTCS £123,861 as at 31 March 1999; year one of five] OBJECT
C
A10. WRA is a non-for-profit community based recycling
association operating a green-box kerbside collection scheme in
partnership with Newport County Borough Council (NCBC). NCBC provides
the 10 per cent CTP donation. The partnership has enabled a five-year
pilot project to serve the 55,000 residents of Newport with kerbside
collections, growing at 10,000 properties per year. Twenty thousand
properties are currently being served with a further 10,000 coming
on line later this year. WRA collects newspapers, magazines, mail,
all types of glass, steel and aluminium cans, textiles, clothing
and shoes. So far, over 2,000 tonnes of material have been recycled
and saved from landfill.
A11. In addition to its valuable contribution to promoting
good waste management practices, the partnership provides employment,
training and volunteering opportunities which all assist in the
implementation of this successful scheme.
Research into High Fibre Composting (Centre for Alternative
Technology, Machynlleth) [LTCS so far £21,960; total project
cost £85,000] OBJECTS C AND CC
A12. Research into high-fibre composting is in its second
year at CAT, funded through the landfill tax credit scheme by
Powys County Council, Hanson Environment Fund and local farmers
Mr and Mrs Jukes. The intention is to develop a blueprint of an
easy method for composting household waste. High-fibre composting
incorporates non-recyclable waste paper and cardboard into the
composting process, reducing household waste by 50 per cent and
improving the compost at the same time. Combined with other activities,
CAT's research shows that householders with gardens could reduce
the quantity of domestic refuse by up to 90 per cent. The project
involves the compost advisor working with 65 local households,
with the results of the research made available to the public.
A13. This project offers Local Authorities a simple and
reliable method for the householders, which could make a valuable
contribution towards the achievement of national waste minimisation
targets. This level of research and development of composting
techniques could not have been achieved at CAT without the support
of the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme.
Recycling in the North East (Tees Valley Wildlife Trust and
County Durham Environment Trust) OBJECT C
A14. This three year project (started September 1998)
aims to develop recycling activity as a means of researching and
establishing methods that enable such activity to become viable
in rural areas where, because of remoteness and low population,
it was not previously deemed so. LTCS money has been used to hire
capital items required for the project, including bottle and paper
collection banks and two specialist collection vehicles. Contractor
terms were agreed with Roseberry Recycling Ltd to deliver the
project and, rather than have expensive equipment under-used,
Roseberry pays Tees Valley WLT for the use of the vehicles on
non-project work.
A15. Materials collected are the property of Roseberry
who disclose any benefits (Roseberry is not the contributor) and
costs of disposal and reinvest any income in the future operation
of the Scheme. The actual tonnages collected have been lower than
originally anticipated, but it has recently become apparent that
associated recycling initiatives are now developing because of
the project.
Community Re Paint (SWAP, global Balance Trust and Green Leeds)
OBJECT C
A16. Save Waste and Prosper co-ordinates this national
programme and several EBs, including Global Balance Trust and
Green Leeds, have registered Re Paint projects. There are currently
14 schemes established and the aim is to establish 90 schemes
by 2004. Landfill operators have, so far, donated £250,457
to this programme. ICI Dulux provide the 10 per cent contribution
and further donations totalling £112,000. The National Lottery
has also awarded £65,000.
A17. The aim of the Community Re Paint schemes is to
collect surplus paints from households, the trade, retailers and
businesses and redistribute it, free of charge, for re-use by
community groups, charities and voluntary organisations and those
in "social need". Methods of collection vary, but examples
are dedicated drop off points at DIY centres, custom made skips
at civic amenity sites, drop off facilities at council or parish
offices, kerbside collection, direct delivery to Re Paint centres.
A programme of education and training has been established and
a manual produced which enables local voluntary groups and communities
to set up and run their own local schemes. The project has brought
many project partners together, including Local Authorities across
the country, community groups (over 350 have benefited) and many
others.
Green Waste Collection, Composting and Re-use (South Ribble
Environmental Trust/Lancashire Waste Services) OBJECTS C AND CC
A18. This three year, £1.3 million project is a
large-scale field trial to assess different methods of collection,
composting and re-use of green waste in Lancashire. The project
is a partnership between the Local Authorities, private and the
voluntary sector at a county, district and local level. Three
Local Authorities will contribute 25 per cent of the project costs,
the remainder comprising contributions from a Landfill Operator.
It is estimated that the project will reduce green waste going
to landfill in Lancashire by a minimum of 12,500 tonnes per year.
A19. The project sets up and trials separate, segregated
green waste collections in differing geographical and socio-economic
contexts (rural, semi urban and urban). This will be achieved
through various types of doorstep collection methods across districts,
utilising differing bin types, times and days of collection. The
collections will be supported by a series of educational events
involving leaflet delivery to households, school workshops, local
media releases, journals and articles in trade magazines.
A20. The collection methods will be analysed and a schedule
of reduction, contamination of the waste, weights etc, and the
success of each collection method will be assessed against the
amount and type of education given to each area/household. The
green waste will be diverted for composting with different trial
methods of composting being undertaken, with the compost being
available to the local community during and at the end of the
project. The results of this project will be disseminated as wide
as feasibly possible. Education officers have been appointed and
a programme of education is being undertaken.
Recycling and Re-use (East Anglian Business Club) OBJECTS C
AND CC
A21. An innovative scoping study to recycle and re-use
redundant oil and gas platforms, funded wholly by the LTCS, has
led to Government Guidance Notes for Industry on the decommissioning
of offshore installations and pipelines. Furthermore, the Financial
Secretary to the Treasury, Stephen Timms, has announced that a
new tax relief scheme will also be put in place further to encourage
the re-use of these platforms. The Guidance notes, which will
effectively outlaw dumping these platforms at sea and together
with the tax incentives, are expected to favour East Anglia as
the site for recycling and, thereby, secure new jobs and investment
in the area.
Waste Reduction (BRE Waste and Environmental Body/Biffa/Hanson)
OBJECTS C AND CC Waste Audit and Minimisation Scheme for Pegasus
Social Housing
A22. The project's aim was to audit the levels of waste
generated in the construction of housing and to propose solutions.
The results showed the potential of reducing waste, the cost of
waste and payment for wasted labour by at least 50 per cent. A
further project, "Demonstration of waste audit and minimisation
scheme—Greenwich Village" is currently underway and
has used the earlier study findings to apply strict waste production
targets. These will reduce the expected level of waste by 50 per
cent. The first project was funded by the Biffaward, the second
by the Hanson Fund.
Creating New Markets for Waste (Nustone Ltd) OBJECT C and CC
National Pilot Scale Facility for the manufacture of aggregates
from waste
A23. This project aims to provide a nationally available
facility, from laboratory to pilot scale manufacture, of aggregates
from various landfill waste—the aim is both to reduce waste
and to conserve non-renewable mineral resources. This project
is to be funded through the RMC fund.
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