ANNEX
THE
UNION'S
OVERALL
RESEARCH
EFFORT
IN
RELATION
TO
ITS
GROSS
DOMESTIC
PRODUCT
HAS
BEEN
STEADILY
DECLINING
FOR
10 YEARS.
THE
GAP
IS
WIDENING
IN
RELATION
TO
THE
UNITED
STATES
AND
JAPAN
Source: Eurostat
THE
EUROPEAN
UNION
HAS
FEW
RESEARCHERS
IN
COMPARISON
WITH
THE
UNITED
STATES
AND
JAPAN
AND
EUROPEAN
FIRMS
EMPLOY
MANY
FEWER
RESEARCHERS
THAN
THEIR
AMERICAN
AND
JAPANESE
COUNTERPARTS
Source: Research DG, based on OECD data
LEVELS
OF
R&D INVESTMENT
IN
THE
MEMBER
STATES
STILL
VARY
WIDELY,
BOTH
AS
A
% OF
GDP AND
IN
ABSOLUTE
FIGURES.
IN
RECENT
YEARS
COUNTRIES
WITH
THE
LOWEST
INVESTMENT
HAVE
STEPPED
UP
THEIR
EFFORTS
IN
PARTICULAR.
| * | The rates of real growth in GERD for each country are calculated in purchasing power standards (PPS) at constant prices for 1990. The real growth for Japan refers to the period 1997/1990. GERD refers to 1996 for Belgium and 1997 for Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Japan.
|
| ** | GERD: Gross Expenditure on Research and Development.
|
Source: Research DG, based on OECD and Eurostat data.
|
