Select Committee on Health Memoranda

Table 4.3.3

THE STANDARD SPENDING ASSESSMENTS FOR 2002-03

PER CAPITA RESOURCES BASED ON RELEVANT POPULATIONS

Summary table	Elderly	Elderly	Children's	Other PSS	Total
	Residential	Domiciliary	SSA	SSA	SSA
	SSA	SSA	Per Capita	Per Capita	Per Capita
	Per Capita 65+	Per Capita 65+	0-17	18-64	All Ages
	(£)	(£)	(£)	(£)	(£)
Inner London	812	442	537	122	335
Outer London	522	296	235	74	208
London Total	614	342	338	92	253
Metropolitan Sub Total	526	285	189	63	207
Shire Counties	368	237	107	47	155
Shire Unitary Authorities	425	260	163	57	177
Shire sub total	382	242	122	50	161
ENGLAND TOTAL	440	263	169	59	185
Local Authority
Inner London
City of London	907	470	849	132	427
Camden	848	476	586	124	348
Greenwich	731	391	382	98	298
Hackney	1,093	512	552	144	389
Hammersmith and Fulham	819	447	583	117	320
Islington	946	480	661	131	387
Kensington and Chelsea	600	403	505	118	274
Lambeth	770	442	599	125	341
Lewisham	746	405	461	103	312
Southwark	853	454	595	133	374
Tower Hamlets	1,058	503	540	163	413
Wandsworth	730	423	450	100	279
Westminster	699	412	579	124	309
Sub-total	812	442	537	122	335
Outer London
Barking and Dagenham	720	338	301	81	287
Barnet	504	294	184	71	190
Bexley	433	253	168	57	179
Brent	627	313	345	97	247
Bromley	359	250	161	55	169
Croydon	426	274	235	69	186
Ealing	586	316	294	87	222
Enfield	551	305	227	71	217
Haringey	700	377	436	102	275
Harrow	543	290	159	66	189
Havering	403	239	141	54	173
Hillingdon	471	268	174	62	178
Hounslow	575	321	258	80	217
Kingston upon Thames	396	267	157	61	159
Merton	490	296	222	70	189
Newham	892	403	345	111	292
Redbridge	541	290	178	67	200
Richmond upon Thames	404	288	146	62	162
Sutton	428	278	175	61	180
Waltham Forest	723	371	311	87	263
Sub-total	522	296	235	74	208
London Sub-total	614	342	338	92	253
ENGLAND TOTAL	440	263	169	59	185
Metropolitan Districts
Barnsley	548	288	148	54	200
Birmingham	582	301	235	74	231
Bolton	528	284	160	60	193
Bradford	446	285	174	66	188
Bury	451	265	146	53	169
Calderdale	437	275	152	57	178
Coventry	470	259	188	63	195
Doncaster	490	258	150	54	187
Dudley	474	250	134	52	179
Gateshead	532	300	199	64	222
Kirklees	445	272	140	57	173
Knowsley	680	286	282	72	251
Leeds	462	279	167	60	186
Liverpool	688	323	283	76	259
Manchester	693	353	304	83	259
Newcastle upon Tyne	567	322	253	71	236
North Tyneside	483	285	190	60	215
Oldham	525	293	174	65	198
Rochdale	510	290	189	65	198
Rotherham	566	290	153	55	201
Salford	628	324	219	69	243
Sandwell	617	307	204	69	237
Sefton	430	256	179	55	202
Sheffield	574	317	182	62	220
Solihull	358	209	131	47	151
South Tyneside	538	306	230	67	244
St Helens	559	267	166	56	198
Stockport	391	239	128	50	163
Sunderland	575	305	189	63	218
Tameside	550	292	167	59	199
Trafford	412	242	142	53	168
Wakefield	550	281	140	54	188
Walsall	547	278	168	61	208
Wigan	565	275	139	53	183
Wirral	451	259	198	57	203
Wolverhampton	541	278	204	68	225
Metropolitan Sub-total	526	285	189	63	207
ENGLAND TOTAL	440	263	169	59	185
Shire Counties
Bedfordshire	390	240	105	49	142
Buckinghamshire	351	229	86	46	130
Cambridgeshire	359	229	90	44	132
Cheshire	369	226	103	46	149
Cornwall	378	235	121	47	176
Cumbria	400	233	112	48	168
Derbyshire	465	248	100	46	167
Devon	323	226	109	45	162
Dorset	302	212	95	43	159
Durham	527	283	149	54	197
East Sussex	325	254	136	52	189
Essex	404	247	116	49	163
Gloucestershire	346	221	105	46	149
Hampshire	307	222	96	45	133
Hertfordshire	444	265	109	53	163
Kent	365	254	126	52	165
Lancashire	399	243	135	52	168
Leicestershire	343	213	79	42	129
Lincolnshire	337	227	107	46	158
Norfolk	343	232	114	47	164
North Yorkshire	311	230	87	43	143
Northamptonshire	388	239	115	48	145
Northumberland	413	251	116	50	169
Nottinghamshire	402	234	113	47	158
Oxfordshire	369	235	98	48	135
Shropshire	385	230	88	43	156
Somerset	336	225	96	44	156
Staffordshire	397	228	98	45	146
Suffolk	367	231	98	45	154
Surrey	399	247	94	49	144
Warwickshire	393	225	100	46	149
West Sussex	305	245	106	50	161
Wiltshire	327	218	88	42	134
Worcestershire	371	225	103	45	149
Shires Sub-total	368	237	107	47	155
ENGLAND TOTAL	440	263	169	59	185
Shire Unitary Authorities
Isles of Scilly	254	190	59	40	121
Isle of Wight Council	338	248	159	52	194
Bath & North East Somerset	338	226	108	46	152
Blackburn with Darwen	500	289	171	69	193
Blackpool	459	265	210	61	216
Bournemouth	382	265	184	56	206
Bracknell Forest	410	276	110	53	134
Brighton & Hove	442	316	225	71	210
Bristol	478	270	204	61	192
Darlington	397	267	151	56	179
Derby	459	258	173	59	187
East Riding of Yorkshire	338	227	86	43	145
Halton	555	266	202	61	195
Hartlepool	508	280	178	63	205
Herefordshire	343	216	100	45	156
Kingston upon Hull	579	336	208	68	231
Leicester	526	304	210	76	212
Luton	463	259	181	67	174
Medway	394	246	135	53	147
Middlesbrough	520	287	221	68	213
Milton Keynes	487	273	143	54	146
West Berkshire	323	225	76	43	116
North East Lincolnshire	425	259	156	56	186
North Lincolnshire	383	241	122	49	162
North Somerset	335	230	100	43	154
Nottingham	522	299	265	72	225
Peterborough	435	245	161	56	167
Plymouth	422	252	193	57	185
Poole	336	224	129	47	163
Portsmouth	418	283	220	67	195
Reading	377	263	193	62	164
Redcar and Cleveland	454	263	178	57	194
Rutland	273	201	65	37	109
Slough	562	310	215	80	203
Southend-on-Sea	435	279	202	59	208
South Gloucestershire	333	202	86	40	120
Southampton	440	278	224	68	199
Stockton-on-Tees	434	252	163	57	170
Stoke-on-Trent	549	279	183	59	207
Swindon	378	228	121	50	142
Thurrock	509	276	172	59	179
Torbay	416	264	181	53	222
Warrington	434	244	117	50	155
Windsor and Maidenhead	313	228	100	51	135
Wokingham	238	184	60	39	90
Telford and The Wrekin	502	265	148	53	165
York	325	231	114	49	149
Shire Unitary Sub-total	425	260	163	57	177
Shires Sub-total	382	242	122	50	161
ENGLAND TOTAL	440	263	169	59	185

Table 4.3.4

COMPARISON OF PSS-SSA FOR THE LATEST TWO YEARS

		Adjusted		Adjusted		% difference	% difference	% difference	% difference
Summary table	2000-01 (£m)	2000-01 (£m)	2001-02 (£m)	2001-02 (£m)	2002-03 (£m)	adjusted 2000-01 to 2001-02	2000-01 to 2001-02	adjusted 2001-02 to 2002-03	2001-02 to 2001-03
Inner London	837	815	858	836	880	5.2	2.5	5.3	2.6
Outer London	929	910	964	944	987	6.0	3.9	4.6	2.4
London Total	1,766	1,725	1,822	1,780	1,868	5.6	3.2	4.9	2.5
Metropolitan Sub Total	2,205	2,168	2,244	2,203	2,300	3.5	1.7	4.4	2.5
Shire Counties	3,323	3,282	3,454	3,405	3,588	5.2	3.9	5.4	3.9
Shire Unitary Authorities	1,400	1,377	1,436	1,410	1,476	4.3	2.6	4.7	2.8
Shire Sub-total	4,722	4,659	4,889	4,815	5,064	4.9	3.5	5.2	3.6
ENGLAND TOTAL	8,693	8,552	8,955	8,798	9,231	4.7	3.0	4.9	3.1
Inner London
City of London	2	2	2	2	3	7.3	5.1	18.3	15.8
Camden	66	64	68	66	71	6.5	3.9	6.2	3.7
Greenwich	63	61	64	62	65	3.9	1.4	4.5	2.0
Hackney	75	73	77	75	79	5.5	2.6	5.2	2.4
Hammersmith and Fulham	50	49	52	50	53	6.2	3.5	5.8	3.1
Islington	68	66	68	66	69	2.8	0.0	4.4	1.6
Kensington and Chelsea	47	45	49	48	52	8.4	5.9	8.6	6.0
Lambeth	91	88	92	90	94	4.8	1.6	4.8	1.8
Lewisham	75	73	76	74	77	3.4	0.7	3.9	1.2
Southwark	86	83	88	85	89	5.3	2.2	5.0	2.0
Tower Hamlets	74	72	75	73	77	5.3	2.4	5.2	2.3
Wandsworth	74	72	75	73	76	3.8	1.5	3.5	1.2
Westminster	68	66	72	70	75	8.0	5.6	7.8	5.3
Sub-total	837	815	858	836	880	5.2	2.5	5.3	2.6
Outer London
Barking and Dagenham	42	42	44	43	45	6.4	4.1	3.8	1.5
Barnet	60	59	64	63	66	7.2	5.5	5.2	3.3
Bexley	37	36	38	38	40	6.4	4.6	5.3	3.4
Brent	60	59	62	60	63	5.0	2.4	4.7	2.0
Bromley	47	47	50	49	51	6.3	4.7	4.6	2.9
Croydon	60	59	62	60	63	5.3	2.9	5.0	2.6
Ealing	65	64	68	67	69	6.5	4.1	3.8	1.4
Enfield	54	53	57	56	58	7.1	5.0	4.9	2.8
Haringey	59	58	61	60	62	5.8	2.9	4.2	1.4
Harrow	38	37	39	39	41	5.9	4.3	5.1	3.4
Havering	36	36	39	38	40	7.5	6.0	5.2	3.6
Hillingdon	42	42	44	43	46	6.1	4.3	5.2	3.3
Hounslow	44	43	46	45	46	6.1	3.9	3.3	1.0
Kingston upon Thames	22	22	23	23	24	5.8	4.1	5.1	3.3
Merton	34	33	35	34	36	4.9	2.9	4.5	2.4
Newham	66	65	69	67	70	6.4	3.5	4.6	1.8
Redbridge	44	43	46	45	47	5.7	3.9	4.3	2.4
Richmond upon Thames	29	29	31	30	32	6.9	5.5	4.5	2.8
Sutton	30	30	31	31	32	5.2	3.4	4.9	3.0
Waltham Forest	56	55	57	56	58	3.7	1.4	3.6	1.3
Sub-total	929	910	964	944	987	6.0	3.9	4.6	2.4
London Sub-total	1,766	1,725	1,822	1,780	1,868	5.6	3.2	4.9	2.5
ENGLAND TOTAL	8,693	8,552	8,955	8,798	9,231	4.7	3.0	4.9	3.1
Metropolitan Districts
Barnsley	43	42	44	43	46	3.8	2.4	5.1	3.5
Birmingham	225	221	229	224	233	3.7	1.6	4.2	2.1
Bolton	49	49	50	50	52	3.9	2.3	4.3	2.5
Bradford	88	86	89	87	91	3.3	1.4	4.7	2.7
Bury	30	29	30	30	31	3.2	1.6	4.7	2.9
Calderdale	32	32	33	33	34	4.3	2.7	5.7	3.9
Coventry	57	56	58	57	59	2.6	0.7	3.9	1.9
Doncaster	51	51	53	52	54	3.8	2.2	5.0	3.2
Dudley	52	51	54	53	56	4.9	3.6	5.7	4.1
Gateshead	42	41	43	42	44	3.5	1.9	4.3	2.6
Kirklees	65	64	66	65	68	3.6	2.1	5.0	3.3
Knowsley	38	37	38	37	38	2.9	0.5	3.1	0.7
Leeds	129	127	132	129	135	3.5	1.9	4.2	2.5
Liverpool	117	115	117	115	119	2.2	0.2	3.2	1.1
Manchester	111	108	111	108	114	2.8	0.4	4.8	2.4
Newcastle upon Tyne	62	61	62	61	64	3.1	1.2	4.3	2.3
North Tyneside	40	39	40	40	42	3.5	2.0	5.2	3.4
Oldham	41	41	42	41	43	3.5	1.7	4.7	2.7
Rochdale	40	39	40	40	42	3.5	1.6	5.1	3.1
Rotherham	48	48	49	49	51	3.9	2.4	4.7	3.0
Salford	53	52	53	52	55	3.4	1.7	4.0	2.1
Sandwell	66	65	67	66	68	3.7	2.1	3.8	2.0
Sefton	56	55	57	56	58	2.6	1.0	4.1	2.4
Sheffield	112	110	114	112	117	3.4	2.0	3.9	2.3
Solihull	29	29	30	29	31	4.6	2.9	5.1	3.3
South Tyneside	35	35	36	36	37	4.1	2.3	4.6	2.7
St Helens	34	34	35	34	36	3.5	2.0	4.0	2.3
Stockport	45	45	46	46	47	3.1	1.7	4.0	2.3
Sunderland	60	59	61	60	63	3.5	1.8	4.3	2.5
Tameside	42	41	43	42	44	3.5	1.9	4.1	2.3
Trafford	36	35	36	36	37	3.0	1.4	3.8	2.1
Wakefield	57	56	58	58	60	4.9	3.4	4.8	3.1
Walsall	52	51	53	52	54	3.7	2.1	4.8	3.1
Wigan	54	53	55	55	57	4.0	2.6	4.3	2.7
Wirral	64	63	65	64	67	3.2	1.4	4.4	2.5
Wolverhampton	51	50	53	52	54	4.5	2.7	4.5	2.6
Metropolitan Sub-total	2,205	2,168	2,244	2,203	2,300	3.5	1.7	4.4	2.5
ENGLAND TOTAL	8,693	8,552	8,955	8,798	923	4.7	3.0	4.9	3.1
Shire Counties
Bedfordshire	49	49	52	51	54	7.1	5.6	5.6	3.9
Buckinghamshire	58	57	61	60	63	6.7	5.4	5.1	3.5
Cambridgeshire	71	70	73	72	76	3.8	2.6	5.4	4.0
Cheshire	94	93	96	95	100	4.0	2.7	5.3	3.8
Cornwall	81	80	84	83	87	5.0	3.8	5.4	4.0
Cumbria	77	76	79	78	82	4.0	2.8	5.0	3.5
Derbyshire	113	112	119	117	124	5.7	4.6	5.9	4.5
Devon	107	106	110	109	115	4.1	3.0	5.2	3.8
Dorset	58	58	60	59	63	4.1	3.1	5.5	4.2
Durham	94	93	96	95	100	4.0	2.6	5.2	3.6
East Sussex	87	86	91	90	94	6.0	4.7	5.1	3.6
Essex	197	194	207	204	215	6.5	5.2	5.4	3.9
Gloucestershire	79	78	81	80	84	4.3	3.0	5.1	3.6
Hampshire	153	151	161	158	167	6.4	5.0	5.6	4.0
Hertfordshire	155	153	164	162	171	7.6	6.3	5.8	4.2
Kent	207	204	216	213	223	5.7	4.2	4.9	3.3
Lancashire	183	180	186	183	192	3.4	1.9	4.5	2.9
Leicestershire	73	72	75	74	79	5.1	4.0	6.1	4.6
Lincolnshire	92	91	95	94	100	5.2	4.0	6.5	5.1
Norfolk	122	120	126	125	132	5.0	3.8	5.8	4.4
North Yorkshire	76	75	78	77	82	4.3	3.2	6.0	4.7
Northamptonshire	85	84	87	86	91	3.9	2.3	5.4	3.7
Northumberland	49	48	51	50	53	5.7	4.4	5.1	3.7
Nottinghamshire	110	109	114	112	119	4.7	3.4	5.5	4.0
Oxfordshire	78	77	82	81	86	6.5	5.1	5.7	4.1
Shropshire	41	40	42	42	44	5.2	4.2	5.9	4.6
Somerset	72	71	74	73	77	4.3	3.1	5.4	4.0
Staffordshire	110	109	114	112	119	4.7	3.5	5.8	4.3
Suffolk	98	97	101	100	105	4.4	3.2	5.2	3.7
Surrey	143	142	151	149	156	6.4	5.2	4.6	3.2
Warwickshire	71	70	73	72	76	4.4	3.2	5.5	4.0
West Sussex	113	111	118	117	123	6.3	5.1	5.3	3.9
Wiltshire	54	53	56	55	58	4.5	3.2	5.7	4.2
Worcestershire	74	74	77	76	81	5.2	3.9	5.6	4.1
Shires Sub-total	3,323	3,282	3,454	3,405	3,588	5.2	3.9	5.4	3.9
ENGLAND TOTAL	8,693	8,552	8,955	8,798	9,231	4.7	3.0	4.9	3.1
Shire Unitary Authorities
Isles of Scilly	0	0	0	0	0	4.4	3.5	2.2	1.0
Isle of Wight Council	23	23	24	24	25	6.0	4.6	5.8	4.2
Bath & North East Somerset	25	24	25	25	26	2.7	1.5	5.0	3.6
Blackburn with Darwen	26	26	26	26	27	1.8	-0.1	3.8	1.7
Blackpool	31	31	32	31	33	2.8	1.2	4.5	2.8
Bournemouth	33	32	33	32	34	2.0	0.7	3.9	2.4
Bracknell Forest	14	14	15	14	15	4.8	3.1	4.0	2.2
Brighton & Hove	52	51	54	53	55	4.5	2.9	3.6	1.8
Bristol	75	73	76	75	78	3.7	1.9	4.1	2.1
Darlington	17	17	18	17	18	3.3	1.8	4.4	2.6
Derby	42	41	43	42	44	4.5	2.7	5.0	3.1
East Riding of Yorkshire	42	42	44	43	46	5.0	4.0	6.3	5.0
Halton	23	22	23	22	24	4.2	2.0	4.6	2.4
Hartlepool	18	17	18	18	19	5.2	3.4	5.5	3.6
Herefordshire	24	24	25	25	26	4.9	3.7	5.9	4.5
Kingston upon Hull	57	56	58	57	59	3.0	1.3	3.0	1.2
Leicester	60	59	60	59	62	2.6	0.6	4.0	1.9
Luton	30	29	31	30	32	5.8	3.4	5.2	2.8
Medway	33	33	35	34	36	6.0	4.2	5.0	3.0
Middlesbrough	29	29	30	29	31	4.4	2.2	5.0	2.8
Milton Keynes	28	27	29	29	31	7.4	5.3	6.2	4.0
West Berkshire	16	15	16	16	17	6.1	4.8	4.2	2.7
North East Lincolnshire	27	26	28	27	29	5.4	3.7	5.2	3.4
North Lincolnshire	23	23	24	23	25	3.8	2.3	6.2	4.6
North Somerset	27	27	28	28	29	4.8	3.6	5.0	3.7
Nottingham	62	61	63	61	64	2.6	0.4	3.9	1.7
Peterborough	25	24	25	25	26	4.5	2.5	5.5	3.4
Plymouth	45	44	46	45	47	4.3	2.4	4.4	2.4
Poole	22	22	23	22	23	3.6	2.3	3.7	2.1
Portsmouth	36	35	36	36	37	4.1	2.2	3.2	1.2
Reading	23	23	24	23	24	4.4	2.3	4.8	2.6
Redcar and Cleveland	25	24	25	25	26	4.0	2.2	6.0	4.0
Rutland	4	4	4	4	4	6.9	5.7	6.7	5.3
Slough	22	21	22	22	23	5.5	3.3	3.0	0.8
Southend-on-Sea	34	34	36	35	37	6.0	4.2	4.5	2.7
South Gloucestershire	28	27	29	28	30	4.9	3.6	6.0	4.4
Southampton	41	40	42	41	43	4.1	2.2	4.0	2.0
Stockton-on-Tees	29	29	30	30	31	5.1	3.2	5.7	3.7
Stoke-on-Trent	49	48	50	50	52	4.4	2.8	4.2	2.4
Swindon	25	24	25	25	26	4.1	2.4	4.4	2.6
Thurrock	23	22	23	23	24	5.5	3.5	5.5	3.4
Torbay	26	26	27	27	28	4.0	2.6	5.0	3.4
Warrington	28	28	29	28	29	4.3	2.9	4.4	2.8
Windsor and Maidenhead	18	17	19	18	19	6.6	5.2	5.0	3.5
Wokingham	12	12	13	12	13	4.5	3.2	5.8	4.2
Telford and The Wrekin	23	23	24	24	25	5.2	3.4	5.3	3.3
York	25	25	26	25	27	3.8	2.5	5.5	3.9
Shire Unitary Sub-total	1,400	1,377	1,436	1,410	1,476	4.3	2.6	4.7	2.8
All Shires Sub-total	4,722	4,659	4,889	4,815	5,064	4.9	3.5	5.2	3.6
ENGLAND TOTAL	8,693	8,552	8,955	9,798	9,231	4.7	3.0	4.9	3.1

4.   Personal Social Services Resources and Activity

4.4   Could the Department describe any changes to the SSA formulae introduced in this year and provide details of any plans the Department has to review PSS SSAs further? Could the tables include sub-totals for type of authority and averages (so that individual authorities figures can be seen in context)? [5.1]

  1.  There were no changes to the SSA formulae this year. The formula were, however, updated to take account of the latest data.

  2.  The Department has undertaken a review of all the PSS SSA formulae. As part of this review the Department has sought help from expert independent academics to help take this work forward, and has involved Local Government representatives in the review process.

  3.  In the current review of SSA's we are seeking to improve the quality and intelligibility of the current Personal Social Services formulae. We appointed the Personal Social Services Research Unit at the University of Kent at Canterbury to review the two Elderly SSA formulae which included an examination of the feasibility of using a single Elderly SSA formula rather than the separate domiciliary and residential formulae currently used for older people's services. For the Other Adults SSA formula we appointed York University to carry out a small survey to identify the characteristics of people aged 18-64 who use social services, with the aim of producing a more intelligible and simpler formula. Finally, we appointed Thomas Coram to investigate demand and supply issues relating to foster care, with a view to improving the foster care unit cost element of the Children's formula.

  4.  The results of these research projects were shared with local government. In addition to this research, the Department has looked at a number of options for other changes to the formulae.

  5.  As a result of the research and after discussion with local government representatives, the Department produced a range of possible options for changes to the PSS SSA formulae. This package was issued for consultation on 8 July by the Minister of State for Local Government and the Regions. The consultation package, which was copied to all MPs and councils, included exemplifications of a range of possible options for change. The consultation ran for 12 weeks until 30 September 2002.

  6.  Copies of the consultation document are available from the following web-site: http://www.local.dtlr.gov.uk/review/consult/index.htm

4.   Personal Social Services Resources and Activity

4.5   Could the Department provide a table comparing PSS SSAs with the corresponding budget for each local authority for the latest two years for which comparable information is available? Could the Department illustrate how the total of PSS SSAs and budgeted expenditure in PSS have compared at the national level over the latest 5 years? Could the Department provide a commentary on any trends shown by these figures? [5.2]

  1.  Comparisons of 2000-01 and 2001-02 PSS SSAs and budgeted expenditure for each local authority are at Table 4.5.1. Budget figures have been provided by local authorities but have been adjusted by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) to make them comparable with SSAs. This has meant excluding expenditure supported by special and specific grants, and making some other technical changes; this involves a degree of estimation. The budget figures for 2000-01 and 2001-02 are, therefore, not on the same basis as figures quoted in response to other questions (where such adjustments have not been made).

  2.  The SSAs are not hypothecated and it is for local authorities to decide how to deploy these resources in the light of local circumstances and priorities. Authorities are free to spend more or less than the amount of the SSA for any particular service.

  3.  Table 4.5.1 shows that, taken together, authorities budgeted to spend about 8.9 per cent more on social services than the PSS SSA in 2000-01 and 10.3 per cent more in 2001-02. The table shows a wide variation between authorities in 2001-02, ranging from budgeted expenditure of more than 30 per cent above SSA to budgeted expenditure of almost 7 per cent below SSA. The figures show marked differences in the levels of expenditure between similar and neighbouring authorities. Generally, however, unitary authorities tend to exceed their SSAs for social services by a higher average amount than the other classes of authority. Metropolitan districts and Inner London authorities tend to exceed their PSS SSAs by the lowest amounts.

  4.  Figure 4.5.1 compares PSS SSAs and budgeted expenditure at the national level over the last five years. The gap between expenditure and SSA has fluctuated over that period.

Table 4.5.1 (Summary table)

PSS BUDGETS 2000-01 AND 2001-02 COMPARED TO SSA (1)

	2000-01	2000-01	Budget	2001-02	2001-02	Budget over
	PSS SSA	Budget	Over SSA	PSS SSA	Budget	SSA
	£m	£m	(%)	£m	£m	(%)
Total Inner London	837.161	900.826	7.6	857.751	922.349	7.5
Total Outer London	928.537	1,010.005	8.8	928.537	1,078.791	11.9
Total London Boroughs	1,765.698	1,910.831	8.2	1,822.230	2,001.140	9.8
Total Metropolitan Districts	2,205.280	2,367.794	7.4	2,243.794	2,426.293	8.1
Total Shire Counties	3,322.616	3,620.814	9.0	3,453.779	3,821.114	10.6
Total Shire Unitaries	1,399.805	1,564.647	11.8	1,435.596	1,632.009	13.7
Total Shire Areas	4,722.421	5,185.461	9.8	4,889.375	5,453.123	11.5
TOTAL ENGLAND	8,693.400	9,463.857	8.9	8,955.400	9,880.556	10.3
Inner London
City of London	2.234	5.290	136.8	2.349	6.849	191.6
Camden	65.504	74.194	13.3	68.067	76.978	13.1
Greenwich	62.953	69.876	11.0	63.824	70.987	11.2
Hackney (Provisional figures 200	75.190	76.484	1.7	77.171	75.216	-2.5
Hammersmith & Fulham	49.832	58.180	16.8	51.577	58.726	13.9
Islington	67.969	69.409	2.1	67.954	73.402	8.0
Kensington & Chelsea	46.549	56.998	22.4	49.290	57.802	17.3
Lambeth	90.876	89.552	-1.5	92.374	94.685	2.5
Lewisham	75.338	78.347	4.0	75.867	77.076	1.6
Southwark	85.596	89.724	4.8	87.510	95.564	9.2
Tower Hamlets	73.557	73.707	0.2	75.331	76.520	1.6
Wandsworth	73.659	75.775	2.9	74.746	76.681	2.6
Westminster	67.906	83.290	22.7	71.692	81.863	14.2
Total Inner London	873.161	900.826	7.6	857.751	922.349	7.5
Outer London
Barking & Dagenham	42.391	43.759	3.2	44.148	45.712	3.5
Barnet	60.378	69.848	15.7	63.692	77.357	21.5
Bexley	36.583	42.551	16.3	38.251	43.702	14.2
Brent	60.324	58.112	-3.7	61.747	59.518	-3.6
Bromley	47.478	57.455	21.0	49.695	60.352	21.4
Croydon	59.888	69.750	16.5	61.631	71.902	16.7
Ealing	65.415	67.090	2.6	68.086	82.029	20.5
Enfield	54.113	51.974	-4.0	56.839	58.252	2.5
Haringey	59.406	45.300	-23.7	61.138	62.874	2.8
Harrow	37.664	45.235	20.1	39.300	47.716	21.4
Havering	36.336	41.308	13.7	38.514	41.869	8.7
Hillingdon	42.237	51.171	21.2	44.054	53.820	22.2
Hounslow	44.080	49.463	12.2	45.783	52.872	15.5
Kingston Upon Thames	22.456	29.134	29.7	23.387	30.965	32.4
Merton	34.067	36.936	8.4	35.052	39.372	12.3
Newham	66.482	78.463	18.0	68.797	75.211	9.3
Redbridge	43.796	46.541	6.3	45.514	47.833	5.1
Richmond Upon Thames	29.171	33.216	13.9	30.779	33.545	9.0
Sutton	30.153	34.021	12.8	31.174	36.234	16.2
Waltham Forest	56.118	58.678	4.6	56.900	57.656	1.3
Total Outer London	928.537	1.010.005	8.8	964.480	1.078.791	11.9
Total London Boroughs	1,765.698	1.910.831	8.2	1.822.230	2.001.140	9.8
Metropolitan Districts
Barnsley	42.931	40.099	-6.6	43.975	42.276	-3.9
Birmingham	225.036	227.435	1.1	228.602	228.165	-0.2
Bolton	49.326	51.401	4.2	50.460	52.598	4.2
Bradford	88.690	97.009	10.6	88.939	97.733	9.9
Bury	29.602	32.276	9.0	30.090	33.218	10.4
Calderdale	32.340	37.812	16.9	33.214	38.711	16.6
Coventry	57.372	62.154	8.3	57.767	67.946	17.6
Doncaster	51.375	53.556	4.2	52.524	55.256	5.2
Dudley	51.794	51.353	-0.9	53.637	54.132	0.9
Gateshead	41.829	47.077	12.5	42.639	46.791	9.7
Kirklees	64.770	71.359	10.2	66.119	76.094	15.1
Knowsley	37.977	34.566	-9.0	38.175	35.616	-6.7
Leeds	129.262	147.829	14.4	131.665	152.108	15.5
Liverpool	117.156	129.321	10.4	117.384	131.852	12.3
Manchester	110.594	115.414	4.4	111.055	118.162	6.4
Newcastle Upon Tyne	61.714	70.251	13.8	62.459	69.504	11.3
North Tyneside	39.626	40.134	1.3	40.415	39.932	-1.2
Oldham	41.304	45.877	11.1	42.015	46.539	10.8
Rochdale	39.798	42.046	5.6	40.425	43.914	8.6
Rotherham	48.241	50.305	4.3	49.411	52.738	6.7
Salford	52.511	59.403	13.1	53.402	58.698	9.9
Sandwell	65.539	68.321	4.2	66.911	69.152	3.3
Sefton	56.085	60.172	7.3	56.651	62.024	9.5
Sheffield	111.773	120.775	8.1	114.027	115.138	1.0
Solihull	29.081	33.324	14.6	29.931	34.595	15.6
South Tyneside	35.482	37.942	6.9	36.293	39.103	7.7
St Helen	34.022	41.627	22.4	34.708	42.252	21.7
Stockport	45.486	57.371	26.1	46.242	57.823	25.0
Sunderland	60.401	62.047	2.7	61.499	61.537	0.1
Tameside	41.740	43.387	3.9	42.543	44.881	5.5
Trafford	35.731	41.546	16.3	36.242	40.633	12.1
Wakefield	56.506	56.940	0.8	58.450	57.932	-0.9
Walsall	51.678	53.233	3.0	52.769	57.990	9.9
Wigan	54.076	54.518	0.8	55.462	57.833	4.3
Wirral	64.106	67.509	5.3	65.000	72.936	12.2
Wolverhampton	51.327	62.176	21.1	52.695	70.481	33.8
Total Metropolitan Districts	2,205.280	2.367.565	7.4	2.243.794	2.426.293	8.1
Shire Counties (2)
Bedfordshire	49.326	56.736	15.0	52.107	62.321	19.6
Buckinghamshire	57.685	70.138	21.6	60.808	74.403	22.4
Cambridgeshire	71.060	81.447	14.6	72.934	86.948	19.2
Cheshire	93.819	106.662	13.7	96.358	114.173	18.5
Cornwall	80.842	82.310	1.8	83.924	83.682	-0.3
Cumbria	77.311	77.061	-0.3	79.492	81.327	2.3
Derbyshire	113.491	128.982	13.6	118.717	134.642	13.4
Devon	107.151	114.646	7.0	110.339	121.160	9.8
Dorset	58.209	59.402	2.1	60.038	63.381	5.6
Durham	93.759	95.653	2.0	96.242	97.040	0.8
East Sussex	86.696	90.441	4.3	90.813	98.422	8.4
Essex	196.561	214.713	9.2	206.692	229.581	11.1
Gloucestershire	78.890	82.859	5.0	81.277	88.012	8.3
Hampshire	153.051	160.739	5.0	160.724	175.954	9.5
Hertfordshire	154.569	175.668	13.7	164.247	187.259	14.0
Kent	207.244	214.456	3.5	215.985	222.769	3.1
Lancashire	182.824	207.905	13.7	186.291	217.117	16.5
Leicestershire	72.578	73.046	0.6	75.452	77.622	2.9
Lincolnshire	91.639	98.471	7.5	95.326	103.151	8.2
Norfolk	121.783	135.780	11.5	126.380	143.462	13.5
North Yorkshire	76.004	80.331	5.7	78.469	83.623	6.6
Northamptonshire	85.402	96.448	12.9	87.406	99.813	14.2
Northumberland	48.536	60.103	23.8	50.680	62.169	22.7
Nottinghamshire	110.299	120.691	9.4	114.031	125.064	9.7
Oxfordshire	78.162	92.537	18.4	82.185	95.852	16.6
Shropshire	40.700	43.997	8.1	42.392	47.001	10.9
Somerset	72.158	75.947	5.3	74.402	80.694	8.5
Staffordshire	109.984	116.446	5.9	113.823	122.256	7.4
Suffolk	97.925	104.962	7.2	101.057	110.206	9.1
Surrey	143.479	164.569	14.7	151.005	174.551	15.6
Warwickshire	70.610	73.125	3.6	72.879	75.897	4.1
West Sussex	112.667	121.211	7.6	118.454	129.698	9.5
Wiltshire	53.772	63.406	17.9	55.519	66.584	19.9
Worcestershire	74.433	79.926	7.4	77.329	85.280	10.3
Total Shire Counties	3,322.616	3.620.814	9.0	3.453.779	3.821.114	10.6
Shire Unitary Authorities
Bath & North East Somerset UA	24.673	28.769	16.6	25.049	30.323	21.1
Blackburn with Darwen UA	26.186	29.844	14.0	26.151	31.169	19.2
Blackpool UA	31.267	31.746	1.5	31.646	33.658	6.4
Bournemouth UA	32.685	35.965	10.0	32.908	35.150	6.8
Bracknell Forest UA	14.127	18.031	27.6	14.566	19.438	33.4
Brighton & Hove UA	52.083	58.111	11.6	53.585	63.662	18.8
Bristol UA	70.812	86.768	22.5	76.703	87.603	15.0
Darlington UA	17.273	16.775	-3.0	17.579	17.458	-0.7
Derby UA	41.737	48.743	16.8	42.882	50.870	18.6
East Riding of Yorkshire UA	42.362	44.268	4.5	44.039	45.612	3.6
Halton UA	22.520	22.484	-0.2	22.981	24.155	5.1
Hartlepool UA	17.663	19.074	8.0	18.262	20.747	13.6
Herefordshire UA	24.386	26.116	7.1	25.300	27.904	10.3
Isle of Wight UA	23.068	22.881	-0.8	24.124	25.286	4.8
Isles of Scilly UA	0.249	0.308	23.5	0.258	0.323	25.2
Kingston upon Hull UA	57.428	67.126	16.9	58.153	69.090	18.8
Leicester UA	59.984	64.008	6.7	60.336	66.036	9.4
Luton UA	29.895	35.205	17.8	30.922	36.365	17.6
Medway Town UA	33.431	38.257	14.4	34.822	40.441	16.1
Middlesbrough UA	29.169	30.340	4.0	29.825	31.244	4.8
Milton Keynes UA	27.959	33.946	21.4	29.440	35.841	21.7
North East Lincolnshire UA	26.860	27.361	1.9	27.849	29.610	6.3
North Lincolnshire UA	23.027	26.994	17.2	23.566	27.971	18.7
North Somerset UA	27.394	26.058	-4.9	28.392	27.203	-4.2
Nottingham UA	62.425	72.371	15.9	62.662	72.126	15.1
Peterbrough UA	24.684	30.846	25.0	25.309	31.799	25.6
Plymouth UA	44.883	49.786	10.9	45.960	57.770	25.7
Poole UA	22.062	23.164	5.0	22.565	23.746	5.2
Portsmouth UA	35.659	41.118	15.3	36.432	41.778	14.7
Reading UA	23.109	27.848	20.5	23.629	29.966	26.8
Redcar and Cleveland UA	24.854	27.174	9.3	25.398	26.433	4.1
Rutland UA	3.702	4.082	10.3	3.914	4.346	11.0
Slough UA	21.674	25.930	19.6	22.383	25.498	13.9
South Gloucestershire UA	27.608	30.788	11.5	28.591	32.891	15.0
Southampton UA	40.956	47.294	15.5	41.842	49.739	18.9
Southend-on-Sea UA	34.308	36.184	5.5	35.761	36.489	2.0
Stockton-on-Tees UA	29.344	31.019	5.7	30.274	31.493	4.0
Stoke-on-Trent UA	49.080	48.172	-1.9	50.460	49.625	-1.7
Swindon UA	24.567	28.561	16.3	25.163	30.326	20.5
Telford & the Wrekin UA	23.338	27.257	16.8	24.122	28.176	16.8
Thurrock UA	22.683	24.011	5.9	23.479	24.110	2.7
Torbay UA	26.336	28.670	8.9	27.022	29.241	8.2
Warrington UA	27.883	29.118	4.4	28.699	29.866	4.1
West Berkshire UA	15.582	25.181	61.6	16.331	24.862	52.2
Windsor and Maidenhead UA	17.632	22.337	26.7	18.545	22.781	22.8
Wokingham UA	12.170	21.194	74.2	12.562	23.163	84.4
York UA	25.034	26.307	5.1	25.654	28.626	11.6
Total Shire Unitaries	1,399.805	1.564.647	11.8	1.435.596	1.632.009	13.7
Total Shire Areas	4,722.421	5.185.461	9.8	4.889.375	5.453.123	11.5
TOTAL ENGLAND	8,683.400	9,463.857	8.9	8,955.400	9,880.556	10.3

  Footnotes:

  1  A negative percentage figure indicates that the authority plans to spend less than their PSS SAA.

  2  Expenditure by shire districts has been added to the parent county, eg 2001-02 budget figures for Bedfordshire £62.321 million consisting of parent county expenditure figure of £62.249 million plus £0.072 million for districts.

4.   Personal Social Services Resources and Activity

4.6  Could the Department set out in a table how the unit costs of the main social services for children and adults have changed over time? Could the Department quantify the degree of variation in these unit costs between authorities? Could the Department provide a commentary on these figures? [5.3]

  1.  The unit cost figures in Table 4.6.1 show in cash and real terms (deflated by GDP at 2000-01 prices) the increases in selected unit costs for personal social services from 1996-97 to 2000-01. The unit costs cover residential and nursing care for older people who are financially supported by the local authorities, hourly costs for home care services, and costs for placements of children looked after with foster parents or in local authority maintained children's homes. In all cases the unit costs have shown a large increase (in both cash and real terms) in 2000-01. Part of this increase is due to using total costs rather than gross current expenditure and thereby including capital charges and all administration costs.

  2.  The real terms weekly unit cost for supporting older people in nursing homes rose each year between 1996-97 and 2000-01, apart from a slight fall in 1998-99. The real terms unit cost of supporting older people in local authority staffed residential care homes increased each year between 1996-97 and 2000-01. The real terms unit cost of supporting older people in independent residential care homes increased slightly between 1996-97 and 2000-01 but with a large decrease in 1997-98 followed by a large increase in 1998-99 (the latter may reflect the inclusion of placements in other local authorities). Costs in the independent sector (private and voluntary residential homes and nursing homes) represent the costs to local authorities in purchasing care, whereas the costs for local authority homes represent the full cost of running such homes, which are declining in number as homes are transferred out of local authority control.

  3.  The rise in unit costs of residential care for older people may have been associated with better or more intensive services (more space, higher staff/resident ratios) and changes in cost or efficiency. There has over the same period been an increase in dependency (measured by age) with the over 85s accounting for 54 per cent of long stay supported residents in homes for older people in 1996-97 and 57 per cent of long stay supported residents aged 65 or over in 2000-01.

  4.  In 2000-01 the majority (77 per cent) of older long stay supported residents were accommodated in independent sector (private and voluntary) residential care homes for older people, the proportion increasing from 65 per cent in 1996-97.

  5.  The real terms hourly unit cost for home help/care rose from £9.60 in 1996-97 to £10.20 in 1999-2000; it then fell from £11.50 in 1999-2000 (including capital charges and all administration costs), to £11.40 in 2000-01. There has been an increase in home care provision over the same period, with an increase from 2.5 million contact hours reported in 1996-97 to 2.8 million contact hours in 2000-01.

  6.  Real terms unit costs for placing a looked after child in local authority maintained homes increased over the year up to 1997-98, the last year for which this information is available. The real terms cost per week for placing children with foster parents rose from £194 in 1996-97 to £226 in 1999-2000 and from £236 in 1999-2000 (including capital charges and all administration costs), to £270 in 2000-01. Over this period, the actual number of children looked after has increased. But the relative proportions of children looked after placed in foster care and those placed in children's homes has remained about the same.

Variation between authorities

  7.  There is substantial variation between local authorities in these unit costs, as Figures 4.6.1 to 4.6.6 below demonstrate. Such wide variability of individual authority figures points to issues of data quality and there is a risk that misreporting of data by local authorities has had an effect. In examining unit costs it is likely that extreme high or low values are the result of misreporting of expenditure data by local authorities. It is however notable that even if the more extreme figures are discounted significant variation remains. The Department is of the view that the information provided by local authorities should be used in monitoring social services, which should act as an incentive for authorities to improve their management information generally.

  8.  Figures 4.6.1 to 4.6.5 show the unit cost values calculated using expenditure data for 2000-01. Figure 6 gives unit costs based on 1997-98 expenditure and activity data, as unit costs data for children looked after in LA maintained children's homes is no longer available. Where a local authority has reported activity but no expenditure (an implied zero unit cost) they have been excluded from the charts. Local authorities formed on 1 April 1997 are excluded from Figure 4.6.6 since there is no activity data available for 31 March 1997 for these authorities (activity at 31 March 1997 and 31 March 1998 is averaged—see footnote 8 to Table 4.6.1).

  9.  Figure 4.6.1 shows the weekly unit cost for older people in nursing homes in 2000-01. The average weekly unit cost for England was £368 in 2000-01 ranging from under £200 a week in two authorities (Barnsley and Redcar and Cleveland) to more than £500 a week in ten authorities (Barking and Dagenham, Brent, City of London, Enfield, Haringey, Hillingdon, Kensington and Chelsea, Stockport, Tower Hamlets and Wandsworth). The middle 50 per cent of the authorities had a unit cost between £343 and £414.

  10.  The weekly unit cost for residents aged 65 or over in local authority residential homes in 2000-01 is shown in Figure 4.6.2. The average for England was £426, with the middle 50 per cent of authorities having a unit cost between £373 and £566. Three authorities recorded a unit cost of under £250 (Brent, North Somerset and Wiltshire). Eleven per cent of authorities (14) had a unit cost greater than £700 per week, including five reporting a cost of over £1,000 (Hackney, Haringey, Islington, Manchester and Plymouth).

  11.  The weekly cost for residents aged 65 or over in independent (private or voluntary) residential homes during 2000-01 for individual authorities is shown in Figure 4.6.3. For individual authorities this unit cost varied from under £200 for three authorities (Barnsley, Coventry and Essex) to over £500 in two authorities (Barking and Dagenham and City of London). The average for England was £279, with the middle 50 per cent of authorities having a unit cost between £255 and £326.

  12.  Figure 4.6.4 shows the hourly cost of home help/care for individual authorities in 2000-01. The hourly cost varied from less than £6 to more than £15, with nearly two thirds of authorities having a unit cost of between £10 and £14 per hour. The average hourly unit cost for England was £11.4. The middle 50 per cent of authorities had a unit cost between £10.4 and £13.4.

  13.  Figure 4.6.5 shows the variation in weekly unit costs between authorities for placing a looked after child with foster parents. The unit cost for the middle 50 per cent of authorities was between £210 and £340, with an average unit cost for England in 2000-01 of £270.

  14.  The average weekly cost of supporting a looked after child in a local authority maintained children's home in 1997-98 in England was £1,325. This unit cost ranged from less than £400 per week to over £5,000. The middle 50 per cent of authorities had unit costs between £979 and £1,822 per week.

  15.  Variations between authorities in unit costs are to be expected as the demand for services varies, prices will be affected by regional wage rates (for example higher prices in the South East), and supply factors such as the number of residential care homes will have a bearing. Variations between authorities in dependency of clients may also be relevant.

  16.  The Performance Assessment Framework for Personal Social Services introduced in 1999 consists of 50 indicators, 11 of which relate to cost and efficiency. These are:

Indicator	Service area
B 7 Children looked after in foster placements or placed for adoption	Children
B 8 Cost of services for children looked after	Children
B 9 Unit cost of children's residential care	Children
B10 Unit cost of foster care	Children
B11 Intensive home care as a proportion of intensive home and residential care	Adults
B12 Cost of intensive social care for adults and older people	Adults
B13 Unit cost of residential and nursing care for older people	Adults
B14 Unit cost of residential and nursing care for adults with learning disabilities	Adults
B15 Unit cost of residential and nursing care for adults with mental illness	Adults
B16 Unit cost of residential and nursing care for adults with physical disabilities	Adults
B17 Unit cost of home care for adults and older people	Adults

  17.  Indicators B8 and B12 have been made Best Value Performance Indicators. Councils have been required to set annual targets for improvement for these indicators consistent with achieving the current top quartile for their family group (Inner London Boroughs, Outer London Boroughs, metropolitan Boroughs, Unitaries, County Councils (Shires)) over five years. However, these targets have now been withdrawn because of concerns that driving down costs could damage quality.

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Prepared 17 February 2003