Annex 8
HIGHWAY AGENCY
SPEED MANAGEMENT
The Motorway Incident Detection and Automatic
Signalling System (MIDAS) is a system installed on motorways which
monitors the traffic speeds and detects locations where queues
are forming or speed is very low. It automatically displays advisory
50 mph speed limits to the rear of the queue to reduce approach
speeds and prevent rear end collisions. Studies concluded that
MIDAS implementation typically results in an 18 per cent reduction
in injury accidents. The 10 Year Plan provides for MIDAS to be
installed on the most congested 30 per cent of the motorway network
by 2005.
Active Traffic Management is a further development
of the Controlled Motorways system. It provides more extensive
monitoring and the ability to control individual motorway traffic
lanes by the provision of signals above each lane that can be
used to change the speed limit, and or to stop traffic in the
event of an accident or incident. A trial scheme is currently
being prepared for implementation on the M42 to establish the
level of benefits.
Work is also being taken forward to develop
the next generation of digital speed enforcement equipment for
use as part of the Controlled Motorways and Active Traffic Management
systems. This equipment will enable speeding vehicles to be detected
more efficiently and provide for safer operation by reducing the
need for operators to regularly visit camera sites to change films.
REFERENCES
Ashton S J (1981) Pedestrian injuries: the influence
of vehicle design. In H C Foot et al (eds) Road Safety
research and practice. Praeger.
*Barker J, Farmer S, and Taylor M (1999). The
development of accident-remedial intervention levels for rural
roads. Transport Research Laboratory TRL Report 425, Crowthorne.
*Carsten, O, and Fowkes, M (2000) External vehicle
speed control: Executive summary of project results. DTLR http://www.roads.dtlr.gov.uk/vehicle/vse/research/evsc/index.htm
*Christie N (1995) The high risk child pedestrian:
Socio-economic and environmental factors in their accidents. Transport
Research Laboratory, TRL Project Report 117, Crowthorne.
Department of the Environment, Transport and
the Regions (2000a) New Directions in speed management: a review
of policy. DETR March 2000.
Department of the Environment, Transport and
the Regions (2000b) Tomorrow's roads-safer for everyone. The Government's
road safety strategy and casualty reduction targets for 2010.
DETR March 2000.
Department for Transport, Local Government and
the Regions (2001a) Road Accidents Great Britain: 2000 The Casualty
Report. TSO.
*Department for Transport, Local Government
and the Regions (2001b) A road safety good practice guide. DTLR.
*Department for Transport, Local Government
and the Regions (2001c) The Gloucester Safer City Report. DTLR
August 2001.
Department of Health (1998) Independent inquiry
into inequalities in health—Acheson report.
(http://www.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/ih/synopsis.htm).
Department of Health (1999) Saving Lives: Our
Healthier Nation. HMSO
(http://www.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm43/).
*Finch D J, Kompfner P, Lockwood C R and Maycock
G (1994) Speed, speed limits and accidents. Transport Research
Laboratory TRL Project Report 58. Crowthorne.
*Gains et al (2001) Cost Recovery System
for Traffic Safety Cameras—First Year Report Executive Summary.
PA Consulting report for DTLR.
Health Education Authority (1998) Transport
and Health: A briefing for health professionals and Local Authorities.
Health Education Authority, London.
*Hobbs C A and Mills P J (1984) Injury probability
for car occupants in frontal and side impacts. Transport Road
Research Laboratory TRRL Report 1124, Crowthorne.
Hooke A, Knox J and Portas D (1996) Cost benefit
analysis of traffic light and speed cameras. Police Research Series
Paper 20, Home Office: Police Research Group.
Institution of Highways and Transportation (1999)
Guidelines for rural safety management. Institution of Highways
and Transportation, London.
*Maycock G, Brocklebank P J and Hall R (1998)
Road layout design standards and driver behaviour. Transport Research
Laboratory TRL Report 332, Crowthorne.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(1999) Safety strategies for rural roads. OECD Paris.
*Quimby A, Maycock G, Palmer C and Buttress
S (1999a) The factors that influence a driver's choice of speed—a
questionnaire study. Transport Research Laboratory TRL Report
325, Crowthorne.
*Quimby A, Maycock G, Palmer C and Grayson GB
(1999b) Drivers' speed choice—an in-depth study. Transport
Research Laboratory TRL Report 326, Crowthorne.
*Silcock D, Turner B, and Walker R (2001) Development
of a rural road hierarchy for speed management. Babtie Ross Silcock,
London, October 2001.
*Taylor M, Lynam D and Baruya A (2000) The effects
of drivers' speed on the frequency of road accidents. Transport
Research Laboratory TRL Report 421, Crowthorne.
*Wheeler A, Taylor M and Barker J (1994) Speed
reduction in 24 villages: details from the VISP study. Transport
Research Laboratory, TRL Project Report 85, TRL Crowthorne.
*References marked are from DoT/DETR/DTLR funded
research projects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Andersson G and Nilsson G (1997) Speed management
in Sweden. Linkoping: Swedish National Road and Transport Institute
VTI.
Ashton S J and Mackay G M (1979) Some characteristics
of the population who suffer trauma as pedestrians when hit by
cars and some resulting implications. 4th IRCOBI International
Conference, Götenborg.
*Barker J, Farmer S, and Nicholls D (1998) Injury
accidents on rural single-carriageway roads, 1994-95: an analysis
of STATS19 data. Transport Research Laboratory TRL Report 304,
Crowthorne.
*Broughton J, Markey K A, and Rowe D (1998)
A new system for recording contributory factors in road accidents.
Transport Research Laboratory TRL Report 323, Crowthorne.
Carsten O M J (1999) Can't go, won't go in Procs
Speed: Whose business is it? PACTS February 1999.
Carsten O M J, Tight M R, Southwell M T and
Plows B (1989) Urban Accidents: Why do they happen? AA Foundation
for Road Safety Research, Basingstoke.
Compte S (1998) Simulator study on the effects
of ATT and non-ATT systems and treatments on driver speed behaviour
MASTER Working Paper R 3.1.2.
*Corbett C (1999) What would stop drivers speeding?
PACTS Conference: Speed: Whose business is it? London, February
1999. PACTS, London.
*Corbett C and Simon F (1999) The effects of
speed cameras: how drivers respond. Road Safety Research Report
11. DETR.
Department of the Environment, Transport and
the Regions (1999c) The Highway Code, TSO.
Farmer C M, Retting R A and Lund A K (1999)
Changes in motor vehicle occupant fatalities after repeal of the
national maximum speed limit Accident Analysis and Prevention
31 (1999) 537-543.
Hillman M, Adams J and Whitelegg J (1991) One
false move...a study of children's independent mobility. Policy
Studies Institute, London.
Wernsperger F and Sammer G (1995) results of
the scientific investigation accompanying the pilot trial of 30
kph limit in side streets and 50 kph limit in priority streets.
Procs. Seminar G, PTRC European Transport Forum, University of
Warwick, 11-15 September 1995.
Institution of Highways and Transportation (1990)
Guidelines for urban safety management. Institution of Highways
and Transportation, London.
Kloeden C N, McLean A J, Moore V M, and Ponte
G (1997) Travelling speed and the risk of crash involvement. Federal
Office of Road Safety, CR 172 (2 vols), 1997. 72 pp Canberra.
*Mackie A (1998) Urban speed management methods.
TRL report 363, TRL, Crowthorne.
*Mills K L, Hall R D, McDonald M, and Rolls
G W P (1998) The effects of hazard perception training on the
development of novice driver skills Road Safety Research Report
No 4 DETR.
Mitchell C G B (1993) Influencing speed and
its environmental benefits—vehicle design. PACTS Conference:
Safety mobility and the environment—striking the balance,
London, March 1993.
PACTS (1996) Taking action on speeding, PACTS,
London.
*Parker D, Reason J T, Manstead A S R and Stradling
S G (1995) Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement.
Ergonomics 38 (5) pp 1036-48.
Pheby T (1997) Killing Speeds—Saves Lives.
The outcome of consulting on York's speed management plan. Procs
Seminar K PTRC 25th European Transport Forum 1-5 September 1997.
Plowden S and Hillman M (1996) Speed control
and transport policy. Policy Studies Institute, London.
Risser R and Lehner U (1998) Acceptability of
speeds and speed limits to drivers and pedestrians/cyclists. MASTER
Report D6. European Commission.
Sabey B (1993) How fast is fast enough? Scottish
Road Safety Campaign Seminar, Killing speed saving lives, 30 September
1993.
Silcock D, Smith K, Knox D and Beuret K (1999)
What limits speed? Factors that affect how fast we drive. Interim
report June 1999. AA Foundation for Road Safety Research, Basingstoke.
Stradling S G (1999) Changing driver attitude
and behaviour. Procs. Speed review Seminar, London 1999, DETR.
Stradling S G, Meadows M L and Beatty S. (1999)
Factors affecting car use choices. Transport Research Institute
Report, Napier University, Edinburgh.
Suffolk County Council (1997) 30 mph speed limit
initiative: speed monitoring. Report 960297/R01.0 Suffolk County
Council, Ipswich.
*Taylor M (2001) The speeds of vehicles which
are involved in fatal accidents. Traffic Engineering and Control
42(2) pp 44-48.
*Taylor M, Baruya A and Kennedy J (to be published
2002) The relationship between speed and accidents on rural single-carriageway
roads. TRL Report 511, Crowthorne.
Transportation Research Board (1998) Managing
speed. Special Report 254, Transportation Research Board, National
Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington.
Ward H A, Cave J, Morrison A, Allsop R E, Evans
A W, Kuiper C and Willumsen L (1994) Pedestrian activity and accident
risk. AA Foundation for Road Safety Research, Basingstoke.
Watson D (1999) The effect on accident occurrence
of village speed limits in Suffolk. MSc Dissertation, Intercollegiate
MSc, University of London Centre for Transport Studies.
*Webster D C and Mackie A M (1996) Review of
traffic calming schemes in 20 mph zones. TRL Report 215, Crowthorne.
*Webster D and Wells P (2000) The characteristics
of speeders. TRL report 440, Crowthorne.
Wheeler, A H and Taylor M (2000) Changes in
accident frequency following the introduction of traffic calming
in villages. TRL Report 452, TRL Crowthorne.
*References marked are from DoT/DETR/DTLR funded
research projects.
| 
