Select Committee on Education and Skills Sixth Report


2 The Work of Ofsted in 2003-04

8. At the oral evidence session on 5 November 2003, HMCI told us that every school in England has now been subject to at least two Ofsted inspections.[2] HMCI told us of his view that the inspection regime Ofsted has operated in just over a decade of existence has driven improvement in school standards.[3] His introductory commentary on the Annual Report, Standards and Quality 2002-03 states, "all of our inspections are conducted according to a set of principles. At the heart of them is a strongly held commitment that inspection should contribute to improvement".[4]

9. Despite HMCI's aspiration that inspection should lead to improvement, the number of schools placed into special measures in the past year rose significantly. A particularly steep rise is in evidence since September 2003, when Ofsted introduced its New Inspection Framework for section 10 school inspections. In September-October 2002, 34 schools went into special measures and 30 schools were designated as having serious weaknesses. In the same period in 2003, 46 schools went into special measures and 39 were designated as having serious weaknesses. This is an increase of 35% in the number of schools placed into special measures and of 30% in those found to have serious weaknesses. [5]

Ofsted's Annual Report

10. In his Annual Report, HMCI takes the opportunity to clarify what Ofsted expects of schools during a section 10 inspection. In his commentary, he confirms that the bar has been raised, with higher standards expected of teaching.[6] In addition, where a school has a high proportion of 'satisfactory' teaching (the minimum acceptable level of classroom practice) it may now be seen as underachieving overall:

"The new handbooks for inspection set out a clear specification of the standard required for teaching to be judged as good. It is teaching that ensures that individual pupils achieve well, and responds to their needs; that expects pupils to work hard and leads to a high level of interest. This is the kind of teaching, at least, to which all schools and teachers should aspire. To pick up a theme that I raised last year, it is right to say that satisfactory teaching is a general measure of acceptable competence. However, it is not a powerful enough engine to drive continued progress. Schools where satisfactory teaching is the norm are inadequately equipped to tackle the tough challenges we still face and which are described in this report."[7]

Ofsted's Annual Report thus gives a clear statement that the criteria by which schools have been judged from September 2003 have become more demanding. This is in contrast with HMCI's evidence to the Committee last year.[8]

11. In evidence to the Committee, HMCI described his Annual Report as "an authoritative overview of education in England during the academic year 2002-03".[9] The report finds that "over that past ten years, standards have undoubtedly risen in primary and secondary schools", although 2002-03 showed a plateau in tested achievement: "the results in National Curriculum tests have remained steady now for a few years and again in 2002-03 there was no improvement on the previous year". HMCI notes improvements in the quality of secondary school teaching, but finds that primary schools are not making use of the broader curriculum beyond the core subjects of English, mathematics and science and warns, "we cannot afford, and our children do not deserve, a two-tier curriculum". HMCI commends initiatives such as Education Action Zones and Excellence in Cities for their work in deprived areas, but finds less to praise in some colleges, which fail to offer adequate provision, particularly in the area of work-based learning. Despite these specific concerns, HMCI concludes that on the whole, "parents can be reassured by what we have found".[10]

12. Since September 2001, Ofsted has been responsible for regulating the provision of day care for children aged up to 8 years. The 2002-03 Annual Report is the first report in which Ofsted has been able to offer an overview on childcare nationally. It finds that "the quality of care given by almost all childcare providers is satisfactory or better",[11] although significant variations are observable in the educational opportunities offered by different types of care, from childminding to more formal school settings. The report also summarises Ofsted's ongoing programme of LEA inspection, finding improvements, albeit, as the report remarks, from a low base.[12] In addition, the results of the first 14-19 area inspections are included. Ofsted began a programme of 16-19 area inspections in 1999 with the Adult Learning Inspectorate (ALI). The age range was extended to 14-19 years in 2002-03 in line with the Government's education and training policies for this age group. Ofsted finds some local strengths, but detects widespread strategic weaknesses, particularly in the co-operation between Local Education Authorities (LEAs) and local Learning and Skills Councils (LLSCs). [13]

Ofsted's Structure and Strategy

13. In response to the alterations in Ofsted's remit described above, the inspectorate has made changes to its senior management structure. In 2002-03, changes were made to accommodate the new responsibilities for the inspection of childcare, including the appointment of Mr Maurice Smith as Director of Early Years. Structural reorganisation has continued in the past year, with the establishment of a new strategic board and two non-executive directors. The board is intended to help provide "leadership and strategic direction".[14] Ofsted also announced its intention to recruit a further twenty HMI (Her Majesty's Inspectors),[15] as well as the appointment of Mrs Miriam Rosen to the post of Director, Education to replace Mr. David Taylor, who retired as Director of Inspection in April 2004.[16]

14. Ofsted has consolidated a considerable shift in remit over the past year, but it is also preparing for further changes, anticipated in the Green Paper Every Child Matters: next steps.[17] The Green Paper sets out the Government's plans for the reorganisation of children's services in the wake of the Laming Inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbié. Legislation to enact these changes has come before Parliament in the form of the Children Bill. The Bill proposes a new inspection framework for children's services, in which Ofsted will take the lead:

"The Bill requires Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools, in consultation with other inspectorates and involving key stakeholders, to develop and publish a Framework for Inspection of Children's Services. The purpose of the Framework is to ensure that inspections, reviews or investigations that relate to children's services properly evaluate and report on the extent to which children's services improve the well-being of children and young people. The Bill enables the Secretary of State to make Regulations requiring two or more inspectorates to carry out Joint Area Reviews of local authority areas. Reviews will be conducted in accordance with arrangements made by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools […] The Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSI), together with the Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (CHAI), the Audit Commission (AC) and other relevant inspectorates will have key roles working closely with Ofsted in developing the Framework for integrated inspection and in carrying out Joint Area Reviews. The Bill provides for inspectorates to co-operate with each other, for example, through sharing information; the scheduling and co-ordination of inspection activity and the delegation of functions amongst themselves".[18]

15. In May 2004, Ofsted published Every child matters: inspecting services for children and young people, a discussion paper on an integrated approach to the inspection of children's services. The paper emerged from a steering group of commissions and inspectorates and sets out broad proposals for an integrated approach to inspection.

16. Further to its expansion into this new area of inspection, Ofsted has been reviewing its traditional work inspecting schools. In February 2004, the inspectorate published a consultation paper, The Future of Inspection, in which it proposed that school inspection should become "a short, sharp review, carried out with minimal notice".[19] The new regime is intended to lighten the burden and costs of inspection and make better use of existing data, and would entail a far greater role for self-evaluation. In June 2004, Ofsted and the DfES published A New Relationship with Schools, which confirmed the Government's intention to press forward with these changes.

17. Having completed two inspections of all English schools in the last ten years, Ofsted can be considered a mature institution. Nevertheless, the inspectorate has recently assumed a number of new responsibilities and considerable changes are on the horizon. Ofsted has already taken on the inspection of day care and 16-19 education. In the coming years, it will be extensively involved in inspecting the new arrangements for children's services set out in the Green Paper Every Child Matters. The recent publication, A New Relationship with Schools, also confirms that there will be significant changes to its 'core work' of school inspection, intended to streamline the process and reduce the burden of inspection. At this mature stage Ofsted can look back on a decade of improvement in standards, but it must also reflect on its future role. Having achieved widespread acceptance and respect amongst parents, schools and the Government, what next for Ofsted?

18. This report comes at an important time for Ofsted. Our aim is to scrutinise the growing role of the inspectorate as it expands into new areas; to judge whether Ofsted is the appropriate body to undertake the inspection of these sectors, and to comment on its approach from the evidence we have been given. We are also concerned to monitor the implementation of Ofsted's recent strategic proposals, both in children's services and in school inspection and reporting, which has been its core work for over a decade. Ofsted must now ensure consistency of judgement across many different types of institutions catering for a variety of age groups. It must also show that its inspections are making a significant contribution to improvement in the settings it inspects and thus demonstrate value for money.


2   Q 3 Back

3   Q 73 Back

4   p 2 Back

5   Not printed. Back

6   Ofsted's recent handbooks for inspection set out the requirements for teaching to achieve each of its grades and clarify the distinction between 'satisfactory' and 'good' teaching.  Back

7   Commentary, p 2. Back

8   Education and Skills Committee, Sixth Report of Session 2002-03, The Work of Ofsted, HC 531, Para 10-11. Back

9   Q 72 Back

10   Commentary, pp1-6. Back

11   Annual Report, p 7. Back

12   ibid, pp 89-98. Back

13   Ibid, pp48-50. Back

14   Ofsted press release NR 2003-88, 10 July 2003. Back

15   Ofsted press release NR 2004-06, 28 January 2004. Back

16   Ofsted press release NR 2004-32, 02 April 2004. Back

17   Department for Education and Skills, 4 March 2004. Back

18   ibid, paragraphs 2.32-2.34. Back

19   Ofsted, The Future of Inspection, HMI 2057, February 2004, Paragraph 9. Back


 
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Prepared 28 September 2004