Annex A
OVERVIEW OF PRIVATE HOUSE BUILDING
According to ODPM figures, there has been a
fall in the number of housing completions in Great Britain in
recent years. In 1994-95 there were 190,400 total Great Britain
completions, a figure that had fallen to 175,300 by 2003-04, a
decline of 8%. It was actually the drop in completions by Registered
Social Landlords and Local Authorities that was behind the overall
fall, with private house builders picking up some of the slack
and producing slightly more dwellings (151,200 in 1994-95 to 157,300
in 2003-04).
There has been a dramatic change in the types
of new homes being built across the country. At the start of 2000,
NHBC report that over 53% of private registrations in Great Britain
were for detached homes, with flats making up just under 19% of
the total. By the second quarter of 2004 detached homes' share
of Great Britain registrations had fallen to under 32% while flats'
share had doubled to around 38%. There was very little change
in the proportion of semi-detached housing (around 14%) and a
very slight increase in the share of terraced housing (from 14%
to around 17%) over the period.
The same broad trend has been seen across all
parts of Great Britain. Unsurprisingly, London has the largest
share of flats in new registrations, having exceeded 80% over
recent quarters, but has actually seen the smallest proportionate
shift as it started from the highest base. The data for Q1 and
Q2 2004 shows that over 38% of new registrations are flats for
GB as a whole, up from 19% at the start of 2000, with London registering
78%, the East 37% and the South East 49%. Three English regions,
the West Midlands, the East Midlands and Eastern and Wales have
seen the share of flats' more than triple. The North East (48%),
Wales (59%) and Scotland (47%) are the regions with the largest
share of detached houses, but it is recognised that they have
an insufficient stock of such housing at present.
There is a timelag between the developments
measured by NHBC's registrations statistics and data measuring
housing completions. ODPM data for housing completions in England
nevertheless show a similar move away from the building of larger
houses to more flats. These figures show that in 1997-98 88% of
homes built by the private sector were houses and 12% flats. By
2003-04 this mix is estimated to have changed to 33% flats and
67% houses. The proportion of large (four or more bedroom houses)
being built by the private sector has also fallen over the last
few years. In 2001-02 they accounted for 39% of completions by
the private sector, a share that had fallen to 31% by 2003-04.
In terms of the type of land being used for
these new developments, there has been a significant shift in
favour of using more previously developed land (PDL) over the
last decade. In the mid 1990s between 51 and 54% of all new dwellings
in England were built on brownfield sites, a figure that had risen
to 60% in 2001 and 63% in 2002, exceeding the Government's target
of 60%. London (91%), the West Midlands (67%) and the South East
(65%) have witnessed the highest proportions of new dwellings
on PDL with the South West the lowest at 49% (all figures 2002).
The density of new dwellings has also increased.
Figures for England show that density has risen from 24 dwellings
per hectare in 1994 to a provisional figure of 30 in 2003. (PPG3
sets a target of 30-50 per hectare.) On previously developed land
the average density is 33 dwellings per hectare. Unsurprisingly
London (at around 50 per hectare over recent years) has the highest
density of dwellings, while the South East registered 30 and the
South West 34.
Key changes over recent years are summarised
in the tables below comparing the latest available figures with
appropriate base dates.
Table 1
THE RECENT PAST
|
| % private
registrations
flats
(NHBC)
(Q1 2000)
| % private
registrations
detached
(NHBC)
(Q1 2000)
| Total
Completions
(000s)
(ODPM)
(1994-95)
| % new
dwellings
on PDL
(ODPM)
(1994)
| Density-
dwellings
per ha
(ODPM)
(1994)
| % private
completions
flats
(ODPM)
(1997-98)
| % private
completions
houses
(ODPM)
(1997-98)
|
|
| NE | 10 |
61 | 7
| 45 | 24
| 8 | 92
|
| NW | 15 |
55 | 21
| 52 | 25
| 10 | 90
|
| Y&H | 14
| 64 | 15
| 42 | 22
| 6 | 94
|
| EM | 5 | 72
| 17 | 35
| 23 | 4
| 96 |
| WM | 11 |
61 | 17
| 42 | 26
| 7 | 93
|
| East | 10 |
58 | 22
| 46 | 23
| 8 | 92
|
| London | 70 |
7 | 15
| 76 | 43
| 58 | 42
|
| SE | 24 |
48 | 27
| 45 | 22
| 13 | 87
|
| SW | 14 |
54 | 17
| 28 | 25
| 8 | 92
|
| Wales | 5 |
70 | 10
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| Scot | 23 |
46 | 26
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| GB | 19 |
53 | 190
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| Eng | 19 |
53 | 158
| 43 | 24
| 12 | 88
|
|
Table 2
LATEST POSITION
|
| | % private
registrations
flats
(NHBC)
(Q2 04)
| % private
registrations
detached
(NHBC)
(Q2 04)
| Total
Completions
(000s)
(ODPM)
(2003-04)
| % new
dwellings
on PDL
(ODPM)
(2002)
| Density-
dwellings
per ha
(ODPM)
(2003)
| % private
completions
flats
(ODPM)
(2003-04)
| % private
completions
houses
(ODPM)
(2003-04)
|
|
| NE | 22 |
48 | 6
| 57 | 28
| 17 | 83
|
| NW | 38 |
26 | 17
| 73 | 31
| 27 | 73
|
| Y&H | 25
| 36 | 14
| 62 | 31
| 29 | 71
|
| EM | 18 |
41 | 14
| 53 | 25
| 14 | 86
|
| WM | 48 |
23 | 14
| 67 | 32
| 29 | 71
|
| East | 37 |
30 | 18
| 58 | 27
| 21 | 79
|
| London | 76 |
8 | 19
| 91 | 52
| 81 | 19
|
| SE | 47 |
21 | 24
| 65 | 30
| 37 | 63
|
| SW | 35 |
28 | 16
| 49 | 34
| 26 | 74
|
| Wales | 15 |
59 | 10
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| Scot | 36 |
47 | 27
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| GB | 38 |
32 | 175
| Na | Na
| Na | Na
|
| Eng | 39 |
28 | 143
| 63 | 30
| 33 | 67
|
|
Annex B
ELMHURST ENERGY TABLE
|
| Property Type | SAP
| C I | CO2
(Tonnes
per
annum)
| Space
Heating
Cost
| Water
Heating
Cost
| Space and
Water Heating
Costs
(£/per annum)
|
|
| 1900 Property as constructed with no central heating, coal open fires
| 10 | 0.0
| 23.4 | £1,013
| £187 | £1,200
|
| 1900 Property as constructed with gas central heating fitted 20 years ago
| 27 | 1.6
| 10.4 | £690
| £140 | £830
|
| 1900 Property with insulation improvements but no central heating, coal open fires
| 43 | 1.5
| 11.3 | £459
| £141 | £600
|
| 1900 Property with insulation improvements and standard gas central heating
| 57 | 4.2
| 5.2 | £333
| £107 | £440
|
| 1900 Property with insulation improvements and condensing gas central heating
| 70 | 5.45
| 3.8 | £251
| £87 | £338
|
Newbuild pre April 2002
With standard gas central heating
| 76 | 5.9
| 3.4 | £206
| £92 | £300
|
Newbuild pre April 2002
With condensing gas central heating
| 82 | 6.5
| 2.9 | £183
| £82 | £265
|
Newbuild post April 2002
With standard gas central heating
| 90 | 7.2
| 2.4 | £144
| £86 | £230
|
Newbuild post April 2002
With condensing gas central heating
| 96 | 7.85
| 2.1 | £125
| £75 | £200
|
|
The table shows energy efficiency details for a 1900s property
with various improvement also shown are the figures for a newbuild
property pre and post the amendments to Part L, April 2002.
The figures below are based on a detached house with an area
of 120 square metres and with the same area of openings.
Insulation improvements used in the calculations were:
| Loft | 200 mm quilt |
| Walls | 50mm insulation |
| Glazing | 100% double glazed 6mm air gap
|
| Draught proofing | 100% |
| Cylinder Insulation | 100 mm Jacket
|
| Heating and controls | Modern gas heating with programmer, roomstat and thermostatic valves
|
Note: The 1900 property was assumed to have solid walls while
these can be insulated the cost of doing so may be prohibitive.
Please note the figures quoted are indicative and should
only be used for comparison purposes.
ENFORCEMENT ACTION
AT SELLAFIELD
The Environment Agency servied an enforcement notice on BNFL's
Sellafield nuclear facility on 17 June over its failure to properly
maintain pipelines used to discharge low-level radioactive waste
into the Irish Sea.
The enforcement notice, issued under the 1993 Radioactive
Substances Act, follows an incident earlier this year when two
pieces of rubber gasket contaminated with radioactivity were found
on local beaches. The gaskets had become detached from the seaward
end of one of the discharge pipelines.
Tests confirmed that the radiation levels of both items were
low, but they were confirmed as being above agreed reporting levels.
The notice was issued because of BNFL's failure to comply with
an authorisation condition requiring it to keep in good repair
systems used for the discharge of radioactive waste.
June 2004
| 
