Select Committee on Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Third Report


6 Supporting Homeless People

Costs

157. We have tried to determine precisely how much the Government is spending on services for homeless people. The Homelessness and Housing Support Directorate has a revenue budget of £60 million for both 2004-05 and 2005-06. Allocations from this are made to each local authority based on historic levels of homelessness, and additional allocation can be bid for. This funding is given on condition that local authorities maintain levels of rough sleeping as close to zero as possible, do not house families in B&B accommodation except in emergencies and for no longer than six weeks, and deliver a homeless strategy. Those receiving grants over £50,000, which presumably have high historic levels of homelessness, are also required to reduce levels of: repeat homelessness; homelessness against main causes and inappropriate use of temporary accommodation.[205] Southampton City Council told us that their grant had been cut by £175,000 from 2002-03 to 2003-04 (37%).[206] Wycombe District Council, on the other hand, received £40,000 in 2003-04, up from £24,000 in 2002-03.[207]

Strategic working

Services

158. Many homeless people have complex or multiple needs. The local authority homelessness strategies introduced under the Homelessness Act 2002 were designed in part to promote inter-agency working to ensure that those with complex needs did not continue to fall between the lines. Even so, the evidence we have received demonstrates that there is still a great deal to be done in this area. Homeless Link told us

159. People with multiple problems will need a range of services. Specialist drug support/rehabilitation work is carried out with rough sleepers and those in temporary accommodation. Those with alcohol problems also need specialist support. One concern we heard when visiting Prime Focus in Birmingham was the lack of funding available for working with those with alcohol problems.[209] Alcohol is not included in many mainstream homelessness strategies. The Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy identifies street sleepers as an 'at-risk' group, but does not include them in its key aims.[210]

160. Crisis gave us a list of waiting times for organisations to access a selection of external services.

Service undertaken externally        Number of weeks

Alcohol assessment          3.5

Drug assessment          4.5

Drug detoxification          10.5

Alcohol detoxification          9.5

Alcohol rehabilitation          11.0

Drug rehabilitation          12.0 [211]

These waiting times may well deter someone who is at first determined to undergo a detoxification and rehabilitation programme. It is also problematic that people waiting this length of time will often be living alongside those who have undergone these programmes: this situation is far from ideal.

161. Mental health issues often underpin other issues and need to be treated to prevent the reoccurrence of other symptomatic problems. The diagnosis of mental illness can be the hardest part of this process. The Salvation Army told us "the lack of dual diagnosis and multiple needs provision remains a severe issue. Clients still often find themselves passed from one agency to the next, which shows that greater co-ordination needs to take place".[212]

162. Homeless people find it very hard to access services that others take for granted. The Revolving Doors Agency told us

    "One of the biggest problems facing our client group is the fact that without a home address they find it almost impossible to access basic non-housing services such as primary health care, welfare benefits and banking".[213]

Crisis told us

    "single homeless people are forty times less likely than the average person to be registered with a GP".[214]

Clients of Broadway said, of GPs,

    "as soon as you mention a drug or alcohol problem, they shut you out",

and, of hospitals,

    "they don't want to take care of us, just get rid of us as quickly as possible".[215]

163. Homeless Link told us that 70% of their members found it hard to access dental care for their clients.[216] St Mungo's felt there was a need for health services to introduce strategies to address these problems. "It is high time that the Primary Care Trusts, Mental Health Trusts and others were required to specify precisely how they will address the health needs of homeless people".[217] We recommend that the Government require NHS Trusts to draw up strategies for dealing with the health needs of homeless people.

164. Homeless people present problems for public service providers that differ in complexity and nature from those of most of the general population. It is not surprising that providers struggle to cope with the demands of the homeless sector. There are grounds to suggest large scale investment in a strategic service dedicated to the needs of homeless people, integrating necessary services across the board. We do not propose to recommend this; we recognise that homeless people must be integrated into the mainstream, however difficult. As part of local authority homelessness strategies, we would welcome consideration of ways to increase the participation of homeless people in mainstream services, as part of their support packages. Staff education on the needs of homeless people, for example in the NHS, would also be a positive step.

165. Support packages, once acquired, cannot always be relied on. If someone moves across an authority border, their support is lost. Data protection rules mean that sharing of information can be forbidden, although many authorities do not appear to explore this idea in the first place. Homeless people with complex needs are forced in many cases to undergo assessments they have undergone in the recent past in another area. This is neither time nor cost efficient. This probably is especially severe in London, where it is easy to cross authority borders without knowing, and rough sleeping continues to be most prevalent.

166. Homeless Link gave us particularly detailed evidence about this problem.

    "Where homeless people have been assessed as requiring a package of support—training, probation, mental health or addiction support—these services are all too often lost as soon as they move across a boundary to a different PCT, mental health trust etc. This is frustrating for staff trying to support them in frontline agencies and can be intensely damaging to the progress the homeless person may have already made. The increasing emphasis that people should prove a "local connection" before they can receive services results in doors being shut in the face of some of society's most marginalized and excluded people. Even where services try to respond to the needs of people who have arrived without a "local connection", waiting times for an assessment, never mind a package of support itself, often lead to a real deterioration in the condition of the homeless person. In some areas our members have a strong perception that excuses are found to avoid providing services to people without a long-standing local connection. These are real factors in excluding homeless people (who are more likely than average to be mobile or to lead chaotic lives) from the basic standards of public support they need".[218]

167. Homeless Link proposed a 'Smartcard' which would act as a service 'passport' from one area to another. We support the idea of some method of tracking support packages but are wary of recommending a system which relies on homeless people holding on to one document. Ms Edwards suggested as an alternative :

    "quite a good tracking system in London though called 'CHAIN' which could potentially be extended more widely around the country which does allow a significant proportion of homeless people to be tracked and their histories and risk assessments to happen much quicker than would otherwise be the case".[219]

168. We see clear advantages for all concerned in the development of a system to facilitate quicker access to support packages. We recommend that ODPM commission research into the development of a network to enable prior assessments and treatment records of homeless people to be accessed across the country.

Local Authority Strategies

169. The Homelessness Act 2002 introduced the requirement for each local authority to develop a homelessness strategy, based on a review of all forms of homelessness in their district. ODPM told us "the first strategies had to be published within 12 months of the Act coming into force, ie by July 2003 and must be renewed at least every five years".[220] ODPM issued good practice guidance and included statutory guidance in the Homelessness Code of Guidance for Local Authorities.

170. Local authority strategies should, amongst other things, identify resources need to prevent homelessness occurring or recurring and involve other public, voluntary and private agencies in partnership. ODPM told us that the HQNS evaluation:

    "concluded that most authorities had gained a good understanding of the causes of homelessness in their areas which were reflected in their prevention strategies".[221]

Shelter felt that this exercise had been valuable and praised the efforts of local authorities. "Most importantly, there seems to have been a genuine shift away from crisis management towards a more strategic approach".[222]

171. In November 2004, the Homelessness and Housing Services Directorate published an independent survey of all 354 strategies, carried out by an independent body, Housing Quality Network Services (HQNS). The survey made a series of criticisms, many of which are reflected in our evidence. It found, for example, that cross boundary working was not proving effective in London; that prevention work done as part of homelessness strategies has not been evaluated or publicised well and that there has been insufficient research into the causes of homelessness in the BME population.[223] We cannot list all the findings of the review here, but are in agreement with many of them. ODPM told us that the HQNS evaluation

    "concluded that most authorities had gained a good understanding of the causes of homelessness in their areas which were reflected in their prevention strategies".[224]

We hope that the ODPM will act immediately on the findings of the Housing Quality Network Services review of local authority homelessness strategies.

172. Other evidence we have received shows that there is widespread scepticism that these strategies have in fact made any improvement to inter-agency working. Centrepoint stated

    "a written strategy is a means, not the end itself. The important thing is to be strategic, not merely to have a documented strategy…effective collaboration requires not the easy parroting of slogans about partnership but sophisticated understanding about inter-personal, inter-team, inter-professional, inter-agency, and inter-sectoral working".[225]

St Mungo's told us

    "already there is evidence of inadequate analysis of the profile and needs of the main homeless sub-groups; and of a failure to engage properly with voluntary sector partners. A full review of the benefit of the strategies needs to be undertaken as a matter of urgency".[226]

173. We heard particular criticism about the lack of provision for young people in local authority strategies which, given the fast rising rate of homeless acceptances amongst this group, appears to be a major oversight. Childline told us that a report published by them in 2004 "recommends that local authorities assess and make provision for young runaways".[227] Centrepoint said "these strategies do not have to include youth homelessness…43% [of 30 key local authorities] do not have a specific strategy for dealing with youth homelessness".[228]

174. Shelter has carried out a series of surveys on the implementation of the Homelessness Act. This revealed real concern on the part of local authorities regarding the lack of social services involvement in joint working on homelessness.[229] These concerns were echoed by the HQNS survey, which also expressed disappointment at the unwillingness of social services to provide information to local authorities about the nature and levels of homelessness they encountered.[230] The results of this poor co-ordination are serious, and include poor tenancy sustainment, a lack of planning where future homelessness needs, eg children leaving care, cannot adequately be identified and inappropriate use of temporary accommodation.[231] We recommend that the Government issue strong guidance to social services on the role they are expected to play in local authority homelessness strategies. We expect this to be carried out jointly by the Department of Health, the Department for Education and Skills and ODPM.

175. We welcome the introduction of local authority homelessness strategies. It will take time for their real usefulness to become apparent. Merely writing the first strategy will have forced many local authorities to address issues that had never been looked at before. We are concerned that local authorities are not obliged to consider specific needs in their strategies. Although we understand that a great deal of work is involved in putting these strategies together, renewal every five years will leave an ineffective strategy in place for far too long. The HQNS survey stated

    "New homelessness strategies must be produced by 2008, and many authorities plan to produce updates annually in the meantime. Given the gaps in many Reviews and Strategies, however, there remains a more urgent need to produce more comprehensive work on homelessness".[232]

176. There is now much better information about good practice which all authorities could learn from and many existing strategies were good first attempts which should be improved. We recommend that the Government should require the second round of local authority homelessness strategies to be prepared after two or three years rather than five. ODPM should provide stronger advice and clear guidance on the specific issues which strategies must cover, for example in relation to each specific vulnerable group. Round Two strategies should also include an evaluation of the differences made since the first strategy was agreed.

Supporting People Programme

177. ODPM launched the Supporting People programme in 2003, in grants for financial year 2003-04. The purpose of the programme was to bring together at local level better integrated and more securely funded housing-related services for vulnerable people. Local authorities were asked to draw up Supporting People Plans and make contracts with service providers, who would be given year on year grants to carry out their work. Supporting People funds, unlike previous funding streams, would be subject to a proper review process. We reported on the programme in July 2004, just after it had undergone a major audit by Robson Rhodes. We concluded that the programme had been welcomed by those involved in providing housing services for vulnerable people, but expressed concerns about the apparent lack of forward planning in the operation of the scheme.[233]

PROBLEMS

178. When we began this inquiry, local authority allocations for financial year 2005-06 had not been announced; they were published in December 2004. It was widely assumed beforehand that grants would be cut down from the 2004-05 allocations. Centrepoint said "it is difficult to make predictions…this appears to be a cut of roughly 7% in real terms".[234] Unsurprisingly, this was not welcome. There were suspicions that this cut was in part caused by the administration expense of the programme. Lord Rooker told us this was not the case:

    "Any cuts faced by providers next year should only arise through negotiation or following a service review. This is a separate issue to the administration of the programme".[235]

He also assured us that the cost of making a bid was refunded to successful applicants. "Procurement costs normally form part of an organisation's overheads which would then be recovered if the contract was won". [236] This is not reassuring to those organisations who must use money that could be used on programmes to put together a bid. Prime Focus, in Birmingham, told us that they spent at least £150,000 on their application this year, with no guarantee of success.[237]

179. In oral evidence, the Salvation Army told us

    "the Approved Development Programme from the Housing Corporation, which has been approximately £1 billion a year over the last two to three years for supported housing projects, was running at about nine or ten per cent and it is now down to three per cent. You have a situation where the throughput of schemes is not happening because the corporation are not able to provide the capital funding because there is no guarantee of Supporting People funding being available".[238]

180. This is only one of the many complaints we have heard about the Supporting People programme in the course of our inquiry. Other criticisms surrounded the year on year nature of the programme grants. This leads to uncertainty and prevents long-term planning. Projects, even short ones, which need planning over a year in advance may not be feasible. In addition, bids must be made each year, so in effect a body must begin to prepare its bid almost as soon as it has received the previous allocation. We heard in Birmingham that Supporting People funding was targeted towards certain areas, which left others struggling to attract staff. Supporting People funding is, of course, capped each year. This leaves limited room for year on year expansion. The Salvation Army demonstrate above one of the major pitfalls of this: the Housing Corporation will not invest in, and voluntary organisations and local authorities see no point in building facilities for which funds for staff and support cannot be guaranteed.

181. We also heard strident criticism in Birmingham of the review process. Projects are reviewed each year: those that fail do not receive funding for the following year. St Basil's compared the Supporting People review to the Audit Commission review they had undergone before it. The SP review looked entirely at the process of the projects, and consumed a great deal of staff time, but did not evaluate outcomes. St Basil's suggested that the administrators reconsidered their review procedures to bring them more into line with Audit Commission practice.

182. We explored these problems with ODPM in correspondence, and we remain to be convinced that the department has grasped the difficulties facing people applying for and receiving SP funding. The Supporting People programme is too large an issue to address in any depth in this Report and so we intend to return to the subject in a separate inquiry. We hope to see criticisms decrease as the findings of the Rhodes review take effect.


205   Letter to local authorities from ODPM, available on http://www.odpm.gov.uk Back

206   Ev 11 Back

207   Ev 26 Back

208   Ev 201 Back

209   Information gathered on an informal visit to Birmingham Back

210   Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy, available at http://www.strategy.gov.uk/su/alchol/alchol_harm03.htm Back

211   Ev 163 Back

212   Ev 142 Back

213   Ev 159 Back

214   Ev 163 Back

215   Ev 55-56 Back

216   Ev 202 Back

217   EV 129 Back

218   Ev 202 Back

219   Q 255 Back

220   Ev 171 Back

221   Ev 171 Back

222   Ev 191 Back

223   Local authorities homelessness strategies, available at http://www.odpm.gov.uk Back

224   Ev 171 Back

225   Ev 111 Back

226   Ev 129 Back

227   Ev 5 Back

228   Ev 112 Back

229   HC 61-II, Ev 120 Back

230   Local authorities homelessness strategies Chapter 3, para 3.72 Back

231   HC 61-II, Ev 121 Back

232   Local authorities homelessness strategies, Chapter 4, para 4.32 Back

233   Supporting Vulnerable and Older People: The Supporting People Programme, Session 2003-04 (HC 504-I) Back

234   Ev 112 Back

235   HC 61-II, Ev 126 Back

236   HC 61-II., Ev 126 Back

237   Information gathered on an informal visit to Birmingham Back

238   Q 288 Back


 
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