Annex A
BACKGROUND DATA
A1. Occupational segregation is often divided
into two levels: horizontal segregation (where the workforce of
a particular industry or sector is mostly made up of one particular
gender), and vertical segregation (where opportunities for career
progression within an industry or sector for a particular gender
are narrowed). Research provides evidence of both in the UK.
A2. Women's employment is concentrated in
two industrial sectors whilst men's employment is much more evenly
spread throughout the sectors. Approximately 42% of women of working
age in employment (16-59yrs) work in public administration, education
and health and 22% in distribution, hotels and catering.[67]
| Industry sector |
All persons of a working age in employment (actual figures in brackets)
| Men (16-64 yrs) % of all in employment % of all in this industry
| Women (16-59 yrs)
% of all in employment
|
| % of all in this industry |
| | | |
| Agriculture and fishing | 2 (256,632)
| 80 | 1 (64,857) | 20
|
| Energy and water | 1 (203,593)
| 77 | 0 (61,105) | 23
|
| Manufacturing | 19 (2,774,671)
| 75 | 7 (914,965) | 25
|
| Construction | 13 (1,921,992)
| 90 | 2 (202,136) | 10
|
Distribution, hotels and
restaurants
| 18 (2,639,734) | 49 | 22 (2,715,851)
| 51 |
| Transport and communication | 10 (1,425,142)
| 76 | 4 (439,712) | 24
|
Banking, finance and
insurance etc
| 16 (2,356,613) | 56 | 15 (1,841,327)
| 44 |
Public admin, education and
health
| 16 (2,306,646) | 31 | 42 (5,201,945)
| 69 |
| Other services | 5 (768,877)
| 48 | 7 (849,584) | 52
|
| | |
| |
Source: Labour Force Survey (Spring 2004).
A3. An example of horizontal segregation can be found
in construction where men make up 90% of the industry's workforce,[68]
whereas childcare is almost exclusively a female occupation.
WOMEN IN
MANAGEMENT
A4. Findings from the Labour Force Survey Spring 2004
show that women are less likely than men to work as managers or
senior officials (10% of all women in employment, compared with
18% of all men in employment). Almost a third (31%) of managers
and senior officials are women.
67
Labour Force Survey (Spring 2004). Back
68
Labour Force Survey (Spring 2004). Back
|
