House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 15 Jun 2005 (pt 16)

15 Jun 2005 : Column 436W—continued

Trees

Norman Baker: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what proportion of trees (a) had full crowns, (b) had slight defoliation, (c) had moderate defoliation, (d) had severe defoliation and (e) were dead in the most recent survey of tree health in Europe under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, broken down by country. [4440]

Jim Knight: The following table has been compiled by the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests—a body operating under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution.
Defoliation of all species by classes and class aggregates—2004

Participating countries Area surveyed (1,000 ha) Number of sample trees 0 none 1 slight 2 moderate 3 severe 4 dead

Albania — 8,970 42.7 45.1 10.9 1.3 0.0

Andorra 17 72 16.7 47.2 25.0 8.3 2.8

Austria 3,481 3,582 51.4 35.4 10.4 2.6 0.2

Belarus 7,845 9,603 40.0 50.0 7.7 1.1 1.2

Belgium 691 2,966 38.2 42.4 16.5 2.6 0.3

Bulgaria 3,314 4,356 19.8 40.5 34.8 2.2 2.7

Croatia 2,061 2,082 35.3 39.5 22.8 2.3 0.1

Cyprus 138 360 22.5 65.3 12.2 0.0 0.0

Czech Republic 2,630 6,585 11.7 31.0 56.2 0.8 0.3

Denmark 468 576 64.9 23.3 8.7 2.6 0.5

Estonia 2,267 2,201 49.4 45.3 4.8 0.2 0.3

Finland 20,020 11,210 57.1 33.1 9.0 0.7 0.1

France 13,100 10,219 32.0 36.3 27.7 3.2 0.8

Germany 10,890 13,741 27.6 41.0 28.5 2.6 0.3

Greece ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾—

Hungary 1,836 28,313 39.9 38.6 15.6 3.1 2.8

Ireland 399 403 56.8 25.8 15.9 1.5 0.0

Italy 8,675 7,111 20.5 43.6 31.4 4.1 0.4

Latvia 2,923 8,384 20.9 66.6 10.2 1.6 0.7

Liechtenstein ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾—

Lithuania 2,069 6,243 10.7 75.4 11.4 1.6 0.9

Luxembourg ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾—

Rep. of Moldova 318 11,895 30.1 35.9 28.6 5.3 0.1

The Netherlands 210 232 52.2 20.3 23.7 2.5 1.3

Norway 12,000 8,191 43.3 36.0 17.7 2.8 0.2

Poland 6,968 25,520 8.3 57.1 32.5 1.7 0.4

Portugal 3,234 3,990 44.8 38.6 14.5 2.1 0.0

Romania 6,244 100,041 62.5 25.8 10.3 0.8 0.6

Russian Fed. ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾—

Serbia and Montenegro 1,868 3,031 58.3 27.4 13.4 0.9 0.0

Slovak Republic 1,961 4,216 11.3 62.0 25.7 0.8 0.2

Slovenia 1,099 1,008 30.5 40.2 24.2 4.4 0.7

Spain 11,588 14,880 24.0 61.0 11.9 1.1 2.0

Sweden 20,600 14,805 48.8 34.7 13.9 1.9 0.5

Switzerland 1,186 1,041 25.6 45.3 20.2 1.4 7.5

Turkey ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾— ⁽²²⁾—

Ukraine 918 1,395 18.6 51.5 27.9 1.4 0.6

United Kingdom 2,156 8,328 24.2 49.3 24.7 1.1 0.7

⁽²²⁾ No survey in 2004.
Note:
1. Serbia and Montenegro: Serbia only.
2. Some differences in the level of damage across national borders may be at least partly due to differences in standards used. This restriction, however, does not affect the reliability of the trends over time.

15 Jun 2005 : Column 437W

Participating countries	Area surveyed (1,000 ha)	Number of sample trees	0 none	1 slight	2 moderate	3 severe	4 dead
Albania	—	8,970	42.7	45.1	10.9	1.3	0.0
Andorra	17	72	16.7	47.2	25.0	8.3	2.8
Austria	3,481	3,582	51.4	35.4	10.4	2.6	0.2
Belarus	7,845	9,603	40.0	50.0	7.7	1.1	1.2
Belgium	691	2,966	38.2	42.4	16.5	2.6	0.3
Bulgaria	3,314	4,356	19.8	40.5	34.8	2.2	2.7
Croatia	2,061	2,082	35.3	39.5	22.8	2.3	0.1
Cyprus	138	360	22.5	65.3	12.2	0.0	0.0
Czech Republic	2,630	6,585	11.7	31.0	56.2	0.8	0.3
Denmark	468	576	64.9	23.3	8.7	2.6	0.5
Estonia	2,267	2,201	49.4	45.3	4.8	0.2	0.3
Finland	20,020	11,210	57.1	33.1	9.0	0.7	0.1
France	13,100	10,219	32.0	36.3	27.7	3.2	0.8
Germany	10,890	13,741	27.6	41.0	28.5	2.6	0.3
Greece	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—
Hungary	1,836	28,313	39.9	38.6	15.6	3.1	2.8
Ireland	399	403	56.8	25.8	15.9	1.5	0.0
Italy	8,675	7,111	20.5	43.6	31.4	4.1	0.4
Latvia	2,923	8,384	20.9	66.6	10.2	1.6	0.7
Liechtenstein	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—
Lithuania	2,069	6,243	10.7	75.4	11.4	1.6	0.9
Luxembourg	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—
Rep. of Moldova	318	11,895	30.1	35.9	28.6	5.3	0.1
The Netherlands	210	232	52.2	20.3	23.7	2.5	1.3
Norway	12,000	8,191	43.3	36.0	17.7	2.8	0.2
Poland	6,968	25,520	8.3	57.1	32.5	1.7	0.4
Portugal	3,234	3,990	44.8	38.6	14.5	2.1	0.0
Romania	6,244	100,041	62.5	25.8	10.3	0.8	0.6
Russian Fed.	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—
Serbia and Montenegro	1,868	3,031	58.3	27.4	13.4	0.9	0.0
Slovak Republic	1,961	4,216	11.3	62.0	25.7	0.8	0.2
Slovenia	1,099	1,008	30.5	40.2	24.2	4.4	0.7
Spain	11,588	14,880	24.0	61.0	11.9	1.1	2.0
Sweden	20,600	14,805	48.8	34.7	13.9	1.9	0.5
Switzerland	1,186	1,041	25.6	45.3	20.2	1.4	7.5
Turkey	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—	⁽²²⁾—
Ukraine	918	1,395	18.6	51.5	27.9	1.4	0.6
United Kingdom	2,156	8,328	24.2	49.3	24.7	1.1	0.7

Waste Management

Bill Wiggin: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what definition (a) her Department, (b) the European Commission and (c) the European Environment Agency uses for (i) biodegradable waste, (ii) municipal waste, (iii) commercial waste, (iv) hazardous waste, (v) industrial waste, (vi) recycling, (vii) recovery, (viii) composting and (ix) waste minimisation. [3465]

Mr. Bradshaw: Where terms are defined in European Community (EC) law, that definition is used by the Department, the European Commission and the European Environment Agency. EU directives, including their definitions, are binding on member states and their competent authorities". The European Commission is responsible for ensuring the implementation of directives, assisted by the objective and comparable information provided by the European Environment Agency. In the case of terms for which a relevant definition is not provided by Community law, the Department uses national definitions. The following definitions are in use:

(i) Biodegradable waste" is defined in Article 2(m) of the EC Landfill Directive (Council Directive 1999/31/EC) (LFD);

(ii) Municipal waste" is defined in Article 2(b) of the LFD. Where the term is used in a context other than implementation of the LFD, the Department uses the appropriate national definition;

(iii) Commercial waste" is a national term which is defined in section 75(7) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, with refinement provided by regulation 6 of and Schedule 4 to the Controlled Waste Regulations 1992;

(iv) Hazardous waste" is defined in Article 1(4) of the EC Hazardous Waste Directive (Council Directive 91/689/EEC);

(v) Industrial waste" is a national term which is defined in section 75(6) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, with refinement provided by regulation 5 of and Schedule 3 to the Controlled Waste Regulations 1992;

(vi) Recycling" is a term which is used but is not defined in the EC Waste Framework Directive (Council Directive 75/442/EEC as amended) (WFD). While there is no common definition of recycling" in Community law, there are definitions of recycling" in the EC Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (Directive 94/62/EC as amended), the EC End of Life Vehicles Directive (Directive 2000/53/EC) (ELV) and the EC Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (Directive 2002/96/EC as amended) (WEEE). These definitions apply for the purposes of each of these directives;

15 Jun 2005 : Column 438W

(vii) Recovery" is defined in Article 1(f) of the WFD by reference to Annex MB of that directive. For the purposes of the Packaging and Packaging Waste, ELV and WEEE directives, the definition of recovery" is limited to the applicable operations" in Annex MB to the WFD;

(viii) Composting" is used but is not defined in the WFD. However, the list of recovery operations in Annex IIB to the WFD includes at R3 Recycling/reclamation of organic substances which are not used as solvents (including composting and other biological transformation processes)"; and

(ix) Waste minimisation" is not defined in either Community or national legislation.

Bill Wiggin: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs when the Environment Agency will publish its final report on the diversion of biodegradable municipal waste from landfill by mechanical biological treatment and other options. [3467]

Mr. Bradshaw: The Environment Agency intends to publish its final guidance on sampling and testing for evaluating the performance of mechanical biological treatment plant in reducing the biodegradability of municipal waste in July 2005.

Bill Wiggin: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs how much public money was spent on municipal waste management in (a) 2003–04 and (b) 2002–03; and how many tonnes of municipal waste were recycled in (i) 2003–04 and (ii) 2002–03. [3468]

Mr. Bradshaw: In 2002–03 4.6 million tonnes of municipal waste were recycled, rising to 5.5 million tonnes in 2003–04. The net revenue expenditure on municipal waste management is shown in the following table:
£

2002–03 2003–04

Waste collection 752,143,000 865,098,000

Waste disposal 1,054,541,000 1,139,041,000

Total waste management 1,806,684,000 2,004,139,000

	2002–03	2003–04
Waste collection	752,143,000	865,098,000
Waste disposal	1,054,541,000	1,139,041,000
Total waste management	1,806,684,000	2,004,139,000

Norman Baker: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the total volume of (a) domestic, (b) commercial and (c) other waste was in each region in each year since 2001–02; what this represents per head of population; and what

15 Jun 2005 : Column 439W

proportion of each category of waste was (i) sent to landfill, (ii) incinerated and (iii) disposed of by other means in each year. [4439]

15 Jun 2005 : Column 440W

Mr. Bradshaw: Information on domestic waste from the Management Survey for 2001–02, 2002–03 government region is shown below:

Municipal waste— Tonnes (Thousand) Kilogrammes per head Landfilled (Percentage) Incinerated (Percentage) Other (Percentage)

2001–02

North East 1,572 624 78 15 7

North West 4,183 620 86 2 11

Yorkshire and the Humber 3,013 606 85 4 12

East Midlands 2,409 576 78 6 15

West Midlands 2,985 565 57 32 12

East 2,999 555 80 1 18

London 4,438 607 73 19 8

South East 4,477 558 79 0 21

South West 2,830 573 81 0 19

England 28,905 585 78 8 14

2002–03

North East 1,657 653 76 14 10

North West 4,344 640 83 3 14

Yorkshire and the Humber 3,001 601 79 7 14

East Midlands 2,449 580 78 6 17

West Midlands 3,046 574 54 32 14

East 3,012 555 79 1 20

London 4,446 603 71 20 9

South East 4,538 564 76 0 23

South West 2,901 584 78 0 22

England 29,394 592 75 9 16

2003–04

North East 1,637 645 70 13 17

North West 4,380 644 80 3 18

Yorkshire and the Humber 2,931 585 75 8 16

East Midlands 2,445 575 73 6 21

West Midlands 3,031 570 53 31 17

East 2,944 539 75 1 24

London 4,342 588 70 19 11

South East 4,529 560 73 2 25

South West 2,865 573 76 0 24

England 29,105 584 72 9 19

Note:
Totals and percentages might not add up due to rounding.

	Municipal waste— Tonnes (Thousand)	Kilogrammes per head	Landfilled (Percentage)	Incinerated (Percentage)	Other (Percentage)
2001–02
North East	1,572	624	78	15	7
North West	4,183	620	86	2	11
Yorkshire and the Humber	3,013	606	85	4	12
East Midlands	2,409	576	78	6	15
West Midlands	2,985	565	57	32	12
East	2,999	555	80	1	18
London	4,438	607	73	19	8
South East	4,477	558	79	0	21
South West	2,830	573	81	0	19
England	28,905	585	78	8	14

2002–03
North East	1,657	653	76	14	10
North West	4,344	640	83	3	14
Yorkshire and the Humber	3,001	601	79	7	14
East Midlands	2,449	580	78	6	17
West Midlands	3,046	574	54	32	14
East	3,012	555	79	1	20
London	4,446	603	71	20	9
South East	4,538	564	76	0	23
South West	2,901	584	78	0	22
England	29,394	592	75	9	16

2003–04
North East	1,637	645	70	13	17
North West	4,380	644	80	3	18
Yorkshire and the Humber	2,931	585	75	8	16
East Midlands	2,445	575	73	6	21
West Midlands	3,031	570	53	31	17
East	2,944	539	75	1	24
London	4,342	588	70	19	11
South East	4,529	560	73	2	25
South West	2,865	573	76	0	24
England	29,105	584	72	9	19

The latest year for which full information on industrial and commercial waste is available is 1998–99, from the Environment Agency's National Waste Production Survey, Strategic Waste Management Information for England and Wales. Results can be found at: www.environment-agency.gov.uk. Results from the 2002–03 survey will be published shortly.

Information on construction, demolition and excavation waste is available from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister publication: Survey of Arisings and Use of Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste as Aggregate in England in 2003. Results for England for 2001 and 2003 are shown in the following table:
Construction, demolition and excavation—England

2001
2003

Tonnes (Thousand) Percentage Tonnes (Thousand) Percentage

Landfilled 23,210 26 29,060 32

Spread on registered exempt sites ⁽²³⁾22,400 ⁽²³⁾25 16,430 18

Recycled 43,280 49 45,450 50

Total CDEW ⁽²³⁾88,890 90,930

⁽²³⁾ Stated to be an unadjusted estimate.

	2001	2003
	Tonnes (Thousand)	Percentage	Tonnes (Thousand)	Percentage
Landfilled	23,210	26	29,060	32
Spread on registered exempt sites	⁽²³⁾22,400	⁽²³⁾25	16,430	18
Recycled	43,280	49	45,450	50
Total CDEW	⁽²³⁾88,890		90,930

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