Supplementary memorandum by the Office
of the Deputy Prime Minister (AH 67(a))
The Select Committee announced an inquiry into
affordability and the supply of housing, calling for written evidence
by Tuesday 8 November. Kate Barker's review of housing supply,
commissioned by the Deputy Prime Minister and the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, looked at very similar issues. Following a letter
to the chair of the Committee from Yvette Cooper, Minister for
Housing and Planning, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
submitted initial evidence in advance of Government publishing
its formal response to Kate Barker's report. The Office committed
to providing further evidence once the response to Barker was
published.
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review
of Housing Supply was published on 5 December, alongside the Pre-Budget
Report[216].
This memorandum therefore provides the further evidence from the
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, which we undertook to submit
at the time of our interim evidence.
SUMMARY OF
THE GOVERNMENT'S
RESPONSE TO
KATE BARKER'S
REVIEW
1. In its response to the Barker Review
published on Monday 5 December, the Government signalled its commitment
to provide more homes for future generations with an ambitious
package of measures to help more people into home ownership or
social housing. The response package aims to make it easier to
buy a full or part share of a home, as well as improving access
to high quality, rented social housing.
2. Kate Barker's report, published last
year, showed that the housing market is not responding sufficiently
to meet the needs of the country's ageing and growing population,
with an ever increasing gap between supply and demand. The Government
must act now to ensure more people can get a foot on the housing
ladder or find a rented home to meet their needs.
3. The Government is clear that plans to
make housing affordable will be firmly linked to increased investment
in transport infrastructure and local services, in addition to
tough new design and environmental standards. In addition, a shake
up of planning rules will ensure a better response to different
housing markets and local need. Plans for new and affordable homes
are not confined to the south east, as the Government believes
that every region now has areas of high demand for housing which
need to be addressed.
4. Key measures include a consultation on
a Planning-gain Supplement to unlock increases in land value to
fund local infrastructure, a cross-cutting review of infrastructure
investment and proposals for new volunteer housing growth points.
5. The Government's response to the Barker
review set out a raft of measures to deliver increased housing
supply, infrastructure, design and environmental standards. The
package includes:
— An ambition to increase the annual
rate of new housing supply from 150,000 per year today to 200,000
over the next decade. This will help to address household growth
of 190,000 per year, and start to tackle the significant backlog
in current house building. The Government's overall aim is to
increase home ownership to 75%. New housing requires proper investment
in infrastructure and social housing too, so we will set out as
part of the Spending Review how fast we believe the nation can
progress towards this ambition, ensuring that we deliver a significant
increase above the Sustainable Communities Plan.
— A commitment to increase affordable
housing for ownership and rent. We will increase new building
of social housing, making it a priority for the 2007 Comprehensive
Spending Review and piloting new ways for local authorities to
increase social housing in their area. Also a new partnership
with the private sector to promote shared equity schemes. Working
with mortgage lenders, private house builders and housing associations,
the Government will work to help more families get a first foot
on the housing ladder through low cost home ownership.
— A consultation on a Planning-gain
Supplement—a new levy to capture a portion of the land value
uplift created at the grant of planning permission. This will
help finance infrastructure and ensure that local communities
better share in the benefits of growth.
— ODPM will be inviting expressions
of interest in a round of potential new growth areas moving beyond
the south east. A £40 million start up fund for infrastructure
projects for new growth points. A number of local authorities
are actively considering an application for New Growth Point status
to help further their economic, housing and sustainability goals.
The ODPM welcomes applications from authorities in areas of high
housing demand which meet the criteria including applications
from the East and West Midlands.
— A Cross-cutting review in the run
up to the 2007 Government spending round to better co-ordinate
strategic delivery of the infrastructure investment necessary
to support housing growth.
— This review will also consider the
scope for additional housing growth points, including the use
of large-scale brownfield sites to deliver additional homes where
local partners are in support.
— Publication of a new draft planning
policy statement for housing (PPS3) to make the planning system
more responsive to housing markets and ensure a better supply
of land to meet long-term housing need. Local and regional planning
bodies will need to take account of affordability and the local
housing market alongside other factors when deciding how many
homes to build. They will be supported by a new National Advice
Unit. Draft PPS3 also retains the priority for brownfield development,
places high emphasis on high quality design, and encourages local
authorities to use tools such as design codes to demand high standards
of housing design from developers.
— Developing new incentives for local
authorities delivering high levels of new homes as part of the
Spending Review including refining the Planning Delivery Grant.
— Merger of regional housing and planning
functions by September 2006 to ensure regions take a more integrated
strategic approach to housing and infrastructure requirements.
— Environmental standards will be tightened
further so that new homes and communities will be sustainable
as well as affordable. A range of environmental measures include:
— A consultation on a new Code
for Sustainable Homes, which incorporates standards for energy,
water, waste and materials. All new publicly funded homes will
meet the Code. We are inviting all stakeholders to give us feedback
on our proposals.
— New draft planning policies to
help manage flood risk (PPS25), including a new Flooding Direction
for more rigorous scrutiny of planning applications in flood risk
areas while allowing suitable developments to proceed where the
risk is acceptable after a full risk assessment.
— Commitment to prioritise the
use of sustainable brownfield sites for housing and proposed new
requirement for local authorities to develop a brownfield strategy.
— Reinforced commitment to preserve
Green Belt and prevent urban sprawl with a new Greenbelt Direction
to strengthen scrutiny of planning applications.
— 10% of funding for housing growth
areas earmarked for green space projects.
— Commitment to the use of water
fittings and building regulations to improve water efficiency
and sanitation in all new homes.
6. The full list of Barker response documents
published on Monday 5 December is as follows:
— The Government's Response to Kate
Barker's Review of Housing Supply.
— Government Response to Kate Barker's
Review of Housing Supply: The Supporting Analysis.
— Affordability Targets: Implications
for Housing Supply (Research Report).
— Affordability Targets: Implications
for Housing Supply (Technical Appendix).
— A sustainability impact study of
additional housing scenarios in England (Research Report).
— Planning-gain Supplement: a consultation.
— Consultation Paper on a New Planning
Policy Statement 3 (PPS3): Housing.
— Planning Consultation on Planning
Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood (Consultation).
— The Town and Country Planning (green
belt) direction 2005 (circular).
— Proposals for introducing a Code
for Sustainable Homes (Consultation).
— New HomeBuy Product Testing—Qualitative
Research Findings (Research Report—Full).
— New HomeBuy Product Testing—Qualitative
Research Findings (Research Report—Summary).
— Creating sustainable communities—Delivering
on Large sites: 3 x case studies (East/South East/London) and
Sources of Info document.
— Summary of public consultation responses
to the Consultation Paper: "Planning for Mixed Communities".
— Summary of public consultation responses
to the Consultation Paper: "Planning for Housing Provision":
A summary of responses and key issues arising from the Consultation
Paper.
ADDRESSING THE
PROBLEM OF
AFFORDABILITY OF
HOUSING
1. As was set out in the Office of the Deputy
Prime Minister's interim evidence, the opportunity for everyone
to live in a decent home—at a price they can afford—in
a sustainable community, is one of the most fundamental goals
of the Government. Government's core commitments for housing policy
are to deliver:
— a step on the housing ladder for
future generations of homeowners;
— quality and choice for those who
rent; and
— mixed, sustainable communities.
2. But, despite improvements over the last
eight years, including a rise of one million in the number of
home owners, we face real challenges over the next decade in securing
continued growth in prosperity and improvement.
3. We have an ageing and growing population
but a housing market that has failed to respond. In spite of a
household formation rate of about 190,000 per year, currently
we are only adding around 150,000 new homes each year to the stock
of homes—this gap is not sustainable. If we continued at
current rates of building then the proportion of 30 year olds
able to afford their own home would drop from over 50% to under
30% by 2026.
4. In its Response to Kate Barker's Review
of Housing Supply, published on 5 December, Government set out
its ambition to increase the annual rate of new housing supply
from 150,000 per year today to 200,000 by 2016, and to set out
the pace of change in the 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review[217].
This will help to address household growth of 190,000 per year,
start to tackle the significant backlog in current house building
and will help take home ownership towards the Government's overall
aim of 75%.
THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN HOUSING
SUPPLY AND
HOUSE PRICES
5. House prices are affected by supply of
and demand for housing. The Government commissioned two major
studies to provide the necessary evidence base on the benefits
and impacts of various levels of additional housing supply. The
two reports were published alongside the main response document[218].
We believe that these represent a major advance in the analysis
of housing supply policy and, along with the models produced as
part of the projects, and further analysis within Government,
provide a good basis for decision-making.
6. The first of the two major projects,
Affordability Targets: Implications for Housing Supply (the
Affordability Project) was research into the relationship between
housing affordability and housing supply[219].
It was carried out by a group of leading housing academics, led
by Professor Geoff Meen of the University of Reading. The research
has been peer reviewed by leading, international housing economists
and found to be of the highest quality.
7. As part of the Affordability Project,
a nine-region model was developed to examine the relationship
between housing supply and affordability (specified as the ratio
of lower quartile house prices to lower quartile earnings). This
model is a step forward from previous analysis, including the
Barker Review. For the first time we are able to model nationally
and regionally the relationship between housing supply and affordability.
Previous analyses looked only at prices at national level and
were not able to take into account the interactions between the
demographics and housing and labour markets.
8. The research report considered a limited
set of housing supply scenarios. The scenarios are illustrative
only and based on those considered as part of the Barker Review.
In developing the evidence base to inform Government decisions,
ODPM has extended the model in a number of ways, considering more
realistic housing supply scenarios, whereby the rate of housing
supply builds up over time and also looking at affordability for
30-34 year old households—a key group for whom access to
the housing ladder is becoming increasingly difficult.
9. In the baseline the modelling finds that,
for England as a whole, prices and earnings grow at a similar
rate between 2004 and 2016. The lower-quartile house prices to
lower-quartile earnings ratio in 2016 is similar to that in 2004—6.2
in both years. However, this varies across regions. In some high
demand regions affordability worsens markedly over the period
to 2016.
10. Beyond 2016, in the baseline, affordability
worsens. For a typical house-buying couple, aged 30-34, the percentage
able to afford to buy worsens significantly in the long term,
falling from over a half today to around 35% in 2026.
11. The modelling suggests that increasing
housing supply above the baseline would help to halt this worsening
affordability. As an illustration, modelling by ODPM analysts
suggests that building up to delivering 200,000 net additions
per year by 2016 increases the percentage of 30-34 year-old couples
able to afford to almost 60%.
OTHER FACTORS
AFFECTING AFFORDABILITY
Construction costs
12. As indicated in the Office of the Deputy
Prime Minister's interim evidence, the construction cost of dwellings
has a limited impact on the market. However, this does not mean
that the rising costs of construction are not of concern and improving
the efficiency of construction can help keep costs down; it can
also have added benefits, for example in improving resource efficiency
which also has a wider benefit to the economy.
13. For this reason Government is encouraging
the development of modern methods of construction (MMC). These
are both on and off-site approaches to construction that improve
processes to build more, better quality housing in less time.
Kate Barker, in her Report in 2004, recommended that the house
building industry should develop a strategy to address barriers
to MMC[220].
14. The industry has responded positively
to Kate Barker's recommendation on MMC. A large group of representatives
are actively engaged in the process led by the Home Builders Federation.
Both ODPM and DTI have been kept informed of progress and involved
in the work. The Government looks forward to receiving the final
report later this year, and will consider carefully any recommendations
made.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
15. The Government believes everyone should
have the opportunity of a decent home, at a price they can afford
within a sustainable community. The provision of housing should
meet the needs of the whole community, including those whose housing
needs are not met by the market. A good balance of housing types
and tenures, including market, shared ownership and social rent,
is a foundation for sustainable mixed communities.
16. In her Review, Kate Barker identified
a long-term shortfall in social housing provision, manifested
through overcrowding and the growing use of unsuitable temporary
accommodation for vulnerable households. The Review set out the
need for a substantial increase in the supply of social housing
in order to keep up with demographic trends and to tackle the
backlog of unmet need, estimating that the newly-arising demand
for social housing was running at 48,000 households a year and
recommended: "The provision of social housing should be increased.
At least 17,000 additional houses are required each year compared
with current provision to keep up with demographic trends. Addressing
the backlog of housing need would raise this to 23,000 per annum."
[221]
17. The Government has already made significant
progress in meeting this long-term challenge, providing funding
through the 2004 Spending Review to help deliver an additional
10,000 new social homes a year by 2007-08 compared to 2004-05—a
50% increase—and by reducing demand through investment in
new approaches for preventing homelessness. In its Response to
Kate Barker's Review, the Government has set out its intension
to go further to respond to the challenges set out by the Barker
Review[222].
Government will set out its ambitious plans for increasing supply,
with new investment in social housing alongside further efficiencies
and innovation in provision, as part of the 2007 Comprehensive
Spending Review.
18. The Government has now agreed plans
with three lenders to introduce joint public-private financing
of equity loans for open market purchase. This scheme will help
the Government to stretch public funds further and will contribute
to the Government's target to help at least 100,000 households
into home ownership by 2010. And the Government is keen to explore
how it can build on the good progress being made through the development
of such products.
19. In addition, the Government is considering
a range of options for increasing the supply of new affordable
housing, working with housing associations, local authorities
and the private sector to draw on a wider range of assets and
resources. The Government intends to explore these approaches,
and pilot them where appropriate, to evaluate their effectiveness,
value for money and wider applicability. The Government will be
seeking views on these proposals, which include:
— allowing local authorities and Arms
Length Management Organisations (ALMOs) the flexibility to use
their own resources (including land) to build and own homes;
— exploring innovative ways in which
excellent local authorities with good housing services could build
new homes for rent;
— increasing the effectiveness of the
Housing Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Programme, where Government
is exploring the possibility of developing some form of partnership
model build new homes, which could speed up procurement and reduce
costs;
— encouraging local authorities undertaking
PFI procurements to consider, with the private sector, the opportunities
for increased new build for sale or shared ownership, which would
be facilitated by the PFI credits. This helps maximise income
to the PFI project, helping to reduce the cost to the public sector;
and
— examining with local authorities
and others the effectiveness of new initiatives and approaches
to provide settled, affordable homes in properties that would
otherwise be provided as more expensive and insecure temporary
accommodation.
20. Local authorities seeking to explore
these options will need to consider how these can be funded, including
receipts and prudential borrowing. The Government intends to proceed
with consultation on these proposals during 2006.
www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162076
http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162098
Affordable rural housing
21. The Government has set up an Affordable
Rural Housing Commission[223],
to look in detail at the specific problems faced by rural communities
in securing adequate provision of housing that is affordable.
The Commission is due to report in Spring 2006.
THE CONTRIBUTION
OF THE
PLANNING SYSTEM[224]
22. The Barker review identified constraints
in the planning system as a potential barrier to housing supply.
The Government accepts that the planning system is currently not
responding effectively to the housing market and housebuilding
is not keeping pace with demand. In high demand areas, local authorities
are not always working to identify sustainable sites for the new
homes their communities need. In some low demand areas, housebuilding
is continuing at a pace that outstrips demand. Neither approach
will deliver sustainable communities with the right mix of homes,
services, jobs and green spaces that residents need.
23. In its Response to Kate Barker's Review,
the Government has set out plans for reforms to make planning
more responsive to local housing needs by ensuring that regional
and local plans set out measures to prepare and release more land,
taking account of affordability alongside other factors, to encourage
local authorities to demand high standards of design of housing
and the publication of a new Green Belt Direction to guard against
urban sprawl.
24. A new draft planning policy statement
for housing (PPS3)[225],
designed to make planning more responsive to housing need and
demand. Draft PPS3 introduces:
— A new approach to setting housing
numbers, using sub-regional housing market areas—the areas
within which people search for a home—as the basis for planning
new housing, rather than local administrative boundaries.
— A requirement on regional planning
bodies and local planning authorities to take account of affordability
and housing market information alongside other factors such as
the environment and infrastructure when deciding how many homes
to build.
— Improved affordability in the housing
market by allocating and identifying sufficient land for housing
where it's needed. Local authorities will be required to identify
a rolling supply of at least five years' worth of developable
land for housing, with a further 10 years supply identified for
future development.
— A continued commitment to deliver
against our target to provide 60% of new homes on brownfield sites
by 2008 to minimise pressure on greenfield land. Local authorities
will have to develop a brownfield strategy, prioritise developable
brownfield land and work proactively with partners to bring brownfield
sites into development.
— A continued commitment to make the
best use of land. The minimum level of 30 dwellings per hectare
is retained. But PPS3 promotes a more flexible approach to density
above that level, that takes better account of local circumstances,
where local authorities set a density range appropriate for particular
types of location. There will be higher densities in city centres
than in the suburbs for example.
— A commitment to high quality design,
encouraging local authorities to apply design codes or site briefs
to sites for new housing. This will speed up planning decisions
for new housing as developers will be clear what is expected,
and ensure the needs of local people are paramount.
— A new approach for planning for mixed
communities to ensure that a wide choice of both affordable and
market housing is available, to meet the needs of all members
of the community. Local planning authorities and housebuilders
are encouraged to work in partnership to ensure developments are
mixed and deliver a wide range of housing.
— A continued commitment to Sustainability
Appraisal to take account of environmental impacts in the local
area.
Other planning changes
25. Other planning changes included in the
Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review include:
— Merging regional housing and planning
functions by September 2006 to ensure regions take a more integrated
strategic view of meeting housing and infrastructure needs.
— Establishing a new, independent national
advice unit by Autumn 2006 to strengthen the evidence and analysis
on improving housing market affordability available to merged
regional housing and planning bodies when they are deciding the
right level of housing for their region.
— Accelerating planning appeals for
housing cases. The Planning Inspectorate will adopt a new target
to set up inquiries or hearings for housing cases within 20 weeks
and issue a decision within a further 10 weeks in 80% of cases.
We will also explore ways to make the appeals system more responsive
to the needs of users.
— Publication of The Town and Country
Planning (Green Belt) Direction 2005[226],
which will ensure more rigorous scrutiny of planning applications
for development in Green Belts. The Green Belt Direction will
strengthen the application of our strict planning controls for
development in the Green Belt.
THE POTENTIAL
IMPACT OF
A STEP
CHANGE IN
HOUSING SUPPLY
ON THE
NATURAL AND
HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT
AND INFRASTRUCTURE
PROVISION
Environmental sustainability
26. A range of measures were announced in
and alongside the Government's Response to the Barker Review that
contribute to environmental sustainability:
— A draft Code for Sustainable Homes[227]:
a new voluntary approach to improving the sustainability of new
homes, saving water and energy, and building on the 40% improvements
to the energy efficiency of new buildings we have made since 2002.
The Code sets out minimum standards on energy and water efficiency,
site and household waste, materials, and surface water management.
Further optional standards are included on lifetime homes, sound
insulation, private external space, use of daylight and security.
All homes receiving direct government funding will meet the Code
and those built through English Partnerships and Housing Corporation
programmes will meet level three, which is significantly higher
than current building regulations.
— A draft Planning Policy Statement
25: Development and Flood Risk (PPS 25) [228]and
a new Flooding Direction: a new, stronger, clearer planning
policy statement that aims to ensure flood risk is taken into
account at all stages in the planning process; to avoid inappropriate
development in areas at risk of flooding; and to direct development
away from high risk areas. The consultation will also include
proposals to make the Environment Agency a statutory consultee
for planning applications in flood risk areas; and for a `Flooding
Direction', providing greater scrutiny for major developments
proposed in flood risk areas.
— A commitment to regulate to achieve
water efficiency savings: Water is a key factor in ensuring
the sustainability of new housing developments. Water companies
are already planning new house building into their water resources
plans, using projections from ODPM and local authorities. However,
we believe that we can and should go further to achieve water
efficiency savings that are cost-effective and straightforward.
The Government therefore announced in its Response to the Barker
Review that it will use water fittings and building regulations
to improve water efficiency and sanitation in all new homes[229].
The Government will consult with the industry and others on the
best option for regulation early in 2006.
— To ensure that green spaces remain
a high priority alongside new housing, Government will earmark
a minimum of 10% of current Growth Areas funding for green space
projects, which will improve air quality, the local environment
and mitigate against flood risk.
— Cutting construction waste by mandating
Site Waste Management Plans from 2007.
Infrastructure provision
27. Government recognises that infrastructure
is vital to support housing growth—and we are not deviating
from the principles of the Sustainable Communities Plan. The Sustainable
Communities Plan set out our commitment to creating sustainable
communities where housing growth is supported by infrastructure,
good public transport and other public services and quality green
space.
28. In its Response to the Barker Review,
Government has undertaken to ensure that there will be adequate
funding for infrastructure. We are pursuing a co-ordinated approach
to achieving this, which will include:
— Consultation on a new Planning-gain
Supplement[230]
to help finance the infrastructure needed to stimulate and service
proposed growth, and ensure that local communities better share
in the benefits that growth brings.
— A cross cutting review[231]
in the run up to the 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review to co-ordinate
effectively the strategic delivery of infrastructure investment
to support additional housing.
— Wider consultation, in the run up
to the 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review, on incentives to encourage
local authorities to support growth[232].
REGIONAL VARIATIONS
29. The Government believes that its proposed
reforms to regional housing and planning, alongside its proposals
for enhanced infrastructure provision, provide powerful tools
to deliver housing supply which is more responsive to demand in
every region. However, some areas of the country face specific
challenges, in areas of both high and low demand.
More sustainable, better-planned growth
30. We set out in paragraph 16 above how
the Government's cross-cutting review will establish a framework
for supporting sustainable and cost-effective patterns of housing
growth. Through this, the Government will examine the scope for
delivering additional housing supply by working with and supporting
local partners who are developing well-defined projects based
on the urban renewal of towns and cities, particularly where this
will help strengthen their economic potential and promote large
scale regeneration[233].
31. This additional growth may be located
not only within the wider South East, but wherever pressures are
greatest. Concentrating additional growth within designated "growth
points" will help protect the environment from inappropriate
development and reduce pressure on greenfield land wherever possible.
Proposals will need to have a good rationale and be compatible
with existing or emerging Regional Spatial Strategies and normal
statutory planning procedures.
32. Through the New Growth Points initiative
the Government will support local partners (towns and cities)
who are keen to pursue sustainable growth. £40 million will
be provided for a first round of site infrastructure projects
to help new growth points overcome local infrastructure problems,
unlock sites for new housing and improve the environment. Criteria
were published alongside the Government's Response to the Barker
Review to help local partners develop good quality growth proposals[234].
33. Longer term proposals for growth in
new growth points will be considered as part of the ODPM growth
programme in the light of resources available from the next Spending
Review.
Additional growth on large brownfield sites
34. In places where the capacity for growth
in town centres and sustainable urban extensions is limited there
may be a case for considering large brownfield sites, such as
former hospital sites and army barracks, where these could be
the focus of a viable and sustainable new community.
35. The Government will consider funding
schemes that bring large brownfield sites back into use where
these can secure high quality infrastructure, community facilities,
good design and ample green space[235].
36. Proposals for further schemes will be
considered as part of the ODPM growth programme in the light of
resources available from the next Spending Review.
English Partnerships and Surplus Public Sector
Land
37. Government included in its Response
to the Barker Review a commitment to an enhanced drive to use
surplus land to build new homes—particularly affordable
homes. This will be delivered in partnership with English Partnerships
(EP)[236],
which has clarified it role to make clear that it is not duplicating
or crowing out the private sector as recommended by Barker[237].
38. The Register of Surplus Public Sector
land will be expanded to provide a more comprehensive picture
of surplus public sector land. This will help to bring land forward
for reuse—particularly to support the need to provide more
homes and more affordable homes.
39. English Partnerships will work with
public sector land owners to explore how land identified can be
utilised. The land will be used for new development and to address
affordability problems.
40. The initiative will build on deals such
as the hospital sites programme—where EP has taken on a
portfolio of 96 former NHS sites for redevelopment, and an agreement
being developed with MoD on reusing former defence sites.
http://www.odpm.gov.uk/embedded—object.asp?id=1162097
http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162031
http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162094
http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162059
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/pre—budget—report/prebud—pbr05/assoc—docs/prebud—pbr05—adplanning.cfm
216 The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review
of Housing can be accessed at: Back
217
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, page 15. Back
218
Further information on the analysis produced by these studies
is provided at Annex 2, page 79, of the Government's Response
to Kate Barker's Review of Housing Supply and in a separate
supporting document-Government Response to Kate Barker's Review
of Housing Supply: The Supporting Analysis, which can be accessed
at: Back
219
Affordability Targets: Implications for Housing Supply can
be accessed at: http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162083 Back
220
Kate Barker's Review of Housing Supply. Delivering Stability:
Securing our Future Housing Needs. Final Report, recommendation
33, page 115. Report can be accessed at: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/consultations-and-legislation/barker/consult-barker-index.cfm Back
221
Kate Barker's Review of Housing Supply. Delivering Stability:
Securing our Future Housing Needs. Final Report, recommendation
27, page 97. Back
222
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, section 2.12-17, pages 17-18. Back
223
http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/latest/2005/rural-0720.htm Back
224
The role of Planning in delivering a step-change in housing supply
is set out in Chapter 4 of The Government's Response to Kate
Barker's Review of Housing Supply, pages 29-37. Back
225
The consultation Paper on New Planning Policy Statement 3 (PPS3):
Housing can be accessed at: Back
226
The Town and Country Planning (Green Belt) Direction 2005 can
be accessed via: Back
227
Proposals for Introducing a Code for Sustainable Homes-A Consultation
Paper can be accessed via: Back
228
Consultation on Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and
Flood Risk can be accessed via: Back
229
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, section 5.11, page 41. Back
230
Planning-gain Supplement: a consultation can be accessed
via: Back
231
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, section 3.10, page 25. Back
232
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, sections 3.21-23, page 27. Back
233
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, section 6.2, page 45. Back
234
This is available at www.odpm.gov.uk/growthareas Back
235
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, sections 6.10-12, page 46. Back
236
The Government's Response to Kate Barker's Review of Housing
Supply, section 6.13, page 47. Back
237
English Partnerships Corporate Plan 2004-2008, annex 2. Available
from www.englishpartnerships.co.uk Back
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