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Yellow Card Scheme

Anne Main: To ask the Secretary of State for Health how many drugs have (a) been identified as hazardous and (b) required regulatory action as a result of the Yellow Card reporting scheme in each of the last six years; and if she will make a statement. [102597]

Andy Burnham: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) data from the United Kingdom spontaneous reporting scheme, the Yellow Card Scheme, underpins the process of pharmacovigilance in the UK. Pharmacovigilance systems do not rely solely on ADR reporting via the Yellow Card Scheme. The other data sources regularly used in the monitoring of drug safety in the UK include formal safety studies, the published medical literature, information from pharmaceutical companies and other regulatory authorities throughout the world together with information on the level of drug prescribing. There is also an international database of around 1.5 million ADR reports operated by the World Health Organization to which the MHRA has on line access. In addition, as laid down in European Community legislation, the regulatory authorities of the European member states exchange information and work closely together on drug safety matters.

The value of spontaneous reporting schemes like the Yellow Card Scheme is in the early detection of possible drug safety hazards, (signals). Once a hypothesis has been generated that a particular medicine is associated with an adverse effect other methods are used to confirm and quantify the risk before regulatory action is taken. The objective of regulatory action is to ensure that the benefits of the medicine continue to outweigh risks, by restricting indications for use, adding contraindications, warnings or precautions, or additional information about adverse effects. Only when risk minimisation measures are considered unlikely to be effective in maintaining a positive benefit risk balance is withdrawal from the market necessary.
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The table identifies for the last six years, the number of medicines that were withdrawn from the market in the UK, the number of letters sent to healthcare professionals in England to advise on drug safety issues and the number of changes (variations) to individual national marketing authorisations (MAs) requested by MHRA for safety reasons linked to pharmacovigilance activity.

The number of medicines withdrawn from the market in the UK, the number of letters issued to healthcare professionals in England and the number of changes (variations) to individual national marketing authorisations (MAs) requested by MHRA for safety reasons

	Number of medicines withdrawn from the market in the UK for safety reasons	Number of healthcare professional letters issued in England about drug safety issues	Number of changes (variations) to individual national MAs requested by MHRA for safety reasons (rounded figures)
2001	3	2	420
2002	0	7	470
2003	1	7	380
2004	1	6	260
2005	1	9	280
2006 to date	—	6	260

Education and Skills

Academies

Sarah Teather: To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills (1) how much the United Learning Trust has (a) pledged and (b) paid to each of the academies that it sponsors; [107604]

(2) how much each of the operational city academies (a) was pledged and (b) has received from its sponsor. [107606]

Jim Knight: The following table shows, for each academy open at September 2006: the sponsor; the total amount of capital sponsorship due to that academy based on its funding agreement; the amount paid to the end of the 2004/05 academic year as recorded in the audited accounts, and the expected sponsor contributions to the end of November 2006 based on the profile set out in funding agreements. Accounts for the 2005/06 academic year are not yet available. For some recently opened academies, sponsorship funds are not yet due.

The Department does not hold records of sponsorship actually paid to academy trusts, including sponsorship not given for capital purposes. The table identifies United Learning Trust (ULT) academies separately, and in addition a footnote to the table identifies the expected sponsorship level for three further ULT-sponsored academies which are not yet open.
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£000
Academies open at 1 September 2006	Sponsor	Total sponsorship due	Total sponsorship paid (from annual accounts up to 2004/05 accounts)	Total expected expenditure of sponsor contributions to end of November 2006
Manchester	United Learning Trust	2,000	(1)—	1,286
Lambeth	United Learning Trust	2,000	(1)—	1,500
Northampton	United Learning Trust	2,000	(1)—	654
Paddington	United Learning Trust	1,500	n/k	429
Salford	United Learning Trust	1,600	(1)—	0
Barnsley	United Learning Trust	1,500	n/a	0
Walthamstow	United Learning Trust	1,500	n/a	0
Sheffield Springs	United Learning Trust	1,500	n/a	1,500
Shefield Park	United Learning Trust	1,000	n/a	1,000
	United Learning Trust sub total(2)	14,600	2,979	6,369
Peckham	Lord Harris of Peckham	2,000	1,157	2,000
Harris Merton	Lord Harris of Peckham	500	n/a	0
Bermondsey	Lord Harris of Peckham	1,500	n/a	0
Harris East Duiwich	Lord Harris of Peckham	500	n/a	0
Kings	Vardy Foundation	2,000	2,000	2,000
Trinity, Doncaster	Vardy Foundation	2,000	1,500	2,000
Haberdashers’—Hatcham	Haberdashers Livery Company	705	(3)400	705
Haberdashers’—Knights	Haberdashers Livery Company	296	(3)—	296
Marlowe	Roger De Haan and Kent County Council	2,735	1,462	1,562
Walsall	Thomas Telford Online and Mercers Company	2,500	2,510	2,500
Sandwell	Thomas Telford Online, Mercers Company, HSBC, Tarmac, WBA FC	2,790	n/k	1,704
Bexley Business Academy	Sir David Garrard	2,410	2,823	2,410
Greig	Greig Trust	2,000	1,748	2,000
Unity	Amey Construction	2,000	2,017	2,000
Capital City, Brent	Sir Frank Lowe	2,000	3,025	2,000
City of London	Corporation of London	2,000	1,660	2,000
City Academy, Bristol	John Laycock	2,499	1,293	1,787
West London, Ealing	Alec Reed	2,000	1,922	2,000
London, Bamet	Peter Shalson	1,500	989	1,490
Mossboume	Sir Clive Bourne	2,150	2,044	2,150
Stockley	Barry Townsley	2,000	896	2,000
St. Francis of Assisi	RC Diocese of Liverpool	2,000	1,019	1,500
Harefield	David Meller	1,500	74	600
Dixons	Dixons Academy Trust	651	0	595
David Young, Leeds	Church of England	1,500	n/k	1,357
Grace, Solihull	Bob Edmiston	2,000	n/k	2,000
Westminster	Exilarch Foundation	1,500	n/k	0
St. Paul’s, Greenwich	Diocese of Southwark/London Borough of Greenwich	2,000	200	200
John Madejski, Reading	John Madejski	2,000	n/k	1,670
Petchey	Jack Petchey Foundation	2,000	n/k	631
North Liverpool	Liverpool University and Granada Learning	1,000	n/k	0
Macmillan	Macmillan Academy Trust	1,250	0	350
Djanogly	Sir Harry Djanogly	0	72	0
Burlington Danes	ARK	1,500	n/a	0
Thurrock	Ormiston Trust	2,000	n/a	0
Landau Forte	Landau Forte Academy Trust	460	n/a	0
St. Mark’s Merton	Diocese of Southwark, CfBT, Toc H	4—	—	—
(1) ULT sponsorship of these academies has not been broken down. Total sponsorship by end of academic year 2004/05 as shown in accounts was £2,978,673 as shown. (2) ULT has committed a further £4.5 million towards three more academy projects which are currently in the feasibility/implementation phase (i.e. £1.5 million each). (4) Not confirmed at this stage. Supplementary Funding Agreement not yet signed.

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