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| Introduction Year | New CO2 Efficient Technology
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| 1995-96 | Direct-injection diesel engines.
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| 1997-2000 | New generation of advanced diesels, notably incorporating commonrail technology:
— Automated Manual Transmission;
— Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine models launched.
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| 2001 | Two-step variable valve timing:
— Valve train with roller finger followers (lower friction);
— Fully variable valve lift and timing;
— Variable length Intake Manifold;
— Second generation diesel common rail injection (high pressure);
— Exhaust gas turbochargers with variable nozzle geometry turbine;
— Application of advanced diesel technology to smaller engines, and consequently to small cars;
— Six-speed automatic gearbox;
— New generation of bio-fuelled vehicles.
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| 2002 | Fully variable valve lift and timing technology combined with GDI:
— Variable length intake manifold on small gasoline engines;
— Fast warm-up cooling system;
— Torque converter lock-up for first gear on automatic transmissions;
— Low-viscosity/friction oil across model-range;
— Friction optimised rear-axle differential;
— Engine covering/under body panelling for vehicle aerodynamic improvement.
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| 2003 | Double clutch/Direct Shifting gearbox:
— Seven-speed fuel-economy optimised automatic transmissions;
— Common rail injection system with 1600 bar;
— Unit injector of 2050 bar;
— Energy management control systems, including load levelling, to reduce engine idle speed;
— Electro-hydraulic power assisted steering system;
— Fully electric power assisted steering.
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| 2004 | New generation turbocharged small displacement diesel enginesintroduced:
— Variable Twin Turbo technology on diesel engines;
— Piezo-injection systems on diesel engines;
— Stop-start with regenerative braking;
— Second generation friction optimised rear-axle gearbox;
— Torque converter lock-up for first gear on automatic transmissions across model-range;
— High efficiency alternator;
— Regulated electrical fuel pump.
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| 2005 | Second generation Valvetronic (fully variable valve lift and timing system):
— Twin-charger technology for gasoline vehicle combined with downsizing of combustion engine;
— Roll-out of LED technology for high volume segments with benefits concerning electric energy consumption;
— Hydro-high-pressure forming for high strength structures with weight advantages;
— Advanced cooling system with electric water pump;
— Electronically controlled oil pump;
— Third generation common rail injection system.
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| March 2007 | |
