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| Development Goal | Link to Water and Sanitation (WATSAN)
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Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger (Goal 1)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— Time and energy are lost searching for and collecting water.
— Poor health and frequent illness lead to lower productivity and lower income.
— Household time, energy and budgets are consumed by coping with frequent illness.
— Child malnutrition is rampant, worsened by frequent illness due to lack of safe water and sanitation.
With access to WATSAN:
— Better health leads to greater capacity to develop and maintain a livelihood.
— Time and energy can be reallocated for productive activities and/or self employment.
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Achieve universal primary
education (Goal 2)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— Diarrhoeal diseases and parasites reduce attendance and attention.
— Girls are often obliged to stay home from school to help carry water and look after family members who are ill.
— School attendence by girls is reduced, and drop-out rates higher, where schools have no separate toilet facilities for boys and girls.
With access to WATSAN:
— Schools are healthy environments.
— School enrolment, attendance, retention and performance is improved.
— Teacher placement is improved.
— Girls feel safe and can maintain dignity while at school.
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Promote gender equality
and empower women
(Goal 3)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— Women and girls face harassment and/or sexual assault when defacating in the open.
— Women in rural areas spend up to a quarter of their time drawing and carrying water—often of poor quality.
With access to WATSAN:
— Women and girls enjoy private, dignified sanitation, instead of embarrassment, humiliation and fear from open defication.
— The burden on women and girls from water carrying is reduced.
— The burden on women and girls from looking after sick children is reduced.
— Increasing women's roles in decision-making to match their responsibilities, and bringing about a more equitable division of labour are known to help improve water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Demonstrating this can help to improve women's status in other ways.
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Reduce Child mortality
(Goal 4) | Without access to WATSAN:
— Diarrhoeal disease, including cholera and dysentry, continues to kill more than 2 million young children a year.
— Bottle-fed milk is often fatal due to contaminated water.
— Hookworms, roundworms and whipworms breed and debilitate millions of childrens lives.
With access to WATSAN:
— Better nutrition and reduced number of episodes of illness leads to physical and mental growth of children.
— There is a sharp decline in the number of deaths from diarrhoeal diseases.
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Improved Maternal health
(Goal 5) |
Without access to WATSAN:
— Contaminated water and bad hygiene practices increase chances of infection during labour.
— Women face a slow, difficult recovery from labour.
With access to WATSAN:
— Good health and hygiene increase chances of a healthy pregnancy.
— There is a reduced chance of infection during labour.
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Combating HIV/AIDS,
Malaria & other diseases
(Goal 6)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— People face difficulty in cleaning, bathing, cooking and careing for ill family members.
— There is a higher chance of infections due to contaminated water, lack of access to sanitation and hygiene, worsening overall conditions of diseased people.
— Of the global burden of disease, 23% is a result of poor environmental health, 75% of which is attributable to diarrhoea.
With access to WATSAN:
— Fewer attacks on the immune system of HIV/AIDS sufferers, allowing better health.
— Better, more hygienic and dignified possibilities to take care of ill people, lifting their burden.
— HIV treatment is more effective where clean water and food are available.
— HIV infected mothers require clean water to make formula milk.
— Less occurrence of contaminated water sources and standing water around water points reduces breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
— Clean water and hygiene are important in reducing a range of parasites including trachoma and guinea worm.
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Ensure environmental
sustainability (Goal 7)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— Squalor, disease and degredation of natural surroundings, especially in slums and squatter settlements (Water resources are under stress).
— Rural rivers and soils continue to be degraded by faeces.
— Due to urbanisation, numbers without adequate sanitation double to almost 5 billion by 2015.
With access to WATSAN:
— There is a sharp decrease in environmental contamination by faeces and wastewater.
— There are clean water and sustainable treatment and disposal proceedures.
— Better health is linked to a reduction in poverty, putting less strain on capacity of natural resources.
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Develop a global
partnership for
development (Goal 8)
| Without access to WATSAN:
— Poor health leads to low productivity.
— Lack of schooling decreases employment chances.
With access to WATSAN:
— Public, private and civil society partnerships help deliver water and sanitation services to the poor.
— The poor themselves are empowered through their involvement in the sector, developing a capacity for planning, implementation, maintenance and management that transcends into other sectors.
— There are more options for employment creation, as water supply and sanitation provision is labour intensive.
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