Select Committee on Public Administration Fifth Report


1  Introduction


1. On 18 April 2007 the House of Commons agreed to New Clause 38 to the Pensions Bill (Clause 18 of the Bill as first printed in the House of Lords) which increased the scope of and benefits given by the Financial Assistance Scheme (FAS) so that all members of affected pension schemes are now eligible for payments of 80% of their core pension rights up to a cap of £26,000. The Government defines eligible schemes as schemes "that started winding up between 1 January 1997 and 5 April 2005 as a result of the sponsoring employer becoming insolvent".[1] In addition, on 18 April, the Government announced that it would also include schemes where the sponsoring employer remained solvent, "where a compromise agreement is in place and when enforcing the debt against the employer would have forced the employer into insolvency".[2] It also announced that there would be a review of the use of assets in FAS pension schemes, and that this review would investigate "other credible non tax funding resources … particularly where contributions to the scheme from external sources are deemed possible".[3]

2. Our interest in this matter stems from our role as the Committee charged with examining reports from the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (the Parliamentary Ombudsman). As we describe below, last year the Parliamentary Ombudsman investigated the cases of those who have lost their expected pensions and found that the FAS as then constituted was not sufficient remedy for their losses. Although the improvements to the FAS are welcome, and represent a major advance from what was initially proposed, we believe the Government should still consider whether it can do more. The Bill is now before the House of the Lords, but if it is amended there it will return to this House. This Report is intended to inform Members of both Houses in further proceedings on the Bill. It contains a brief description of proposals to extend the Financial Assistance Scheme to cover those who lost pension rights when a solvent employer wound up a scheme. We have appended correspondence with the Department for Work and Pensions, and a related paper from the House of Commons Library, which we believe might assist colleagues. We are extremely grateful to the House of Commons Library, which greatly assisted us in drawing up the report.

Background

3. After the failure of the Maxwell company pension schemes, the Pensions Act 1995 introduced reforms intended to increase the security of occupational pensions. Over the years which followed, it became clear that these measures had not been as effective as had been intended. In 2004, the Government introduced a new Pensions Act, which increased prospective pensioners' security. It established a Pensions Protection Fund (PPF), funded by a levy on the industry, which sought to reduce the risks faced by pension scheme members whose employers became insolvent. It also established a new Pensions Regulator and set out new funding requirements for occupational schemes. The PPF began on 6 April 2005.

4. The new regime did not cover the schemes which had begun to wind up between January 1997 and April 2005 (when the 1995 Pensions Act was in force) without sufficient funds to pay benefits promised. It is estimated that some 125,000 people faced the loss of some or all their pension in such circumstances. The Government initially resisted giving assistance to members of such schemes, on the grounds that these were private sector matters. Nonetheless parliamentary pressure during the passage of the Pensions Act 2004 led it to institute a Financial Assistance Scheme (FAS) to give limited help to some of those affected.

5. Some scheme members complained to the Parliamentary Ombudsman, whose report prompted our own investigation. The essence of the Ombudsman's report was that government information about the level of protection given to members of occupational pension schemes was misleading. The 1995 Act had indeed introduced greater safeguards for holders of occupational pension schemes, but it had not removed all risks, and government information did not make it clear that risks remained. People who might have transferred assets from their employer's scheme, or taken other action to reduce those risks, were left believing that their pensions were protected. Much of that protection was based on a Minimum Funding Requirement (MFR). Insofar as scheme members were aware of the MFR, it was widely believed to be set at a level which would ensure that pension schemes were able to meet all their liabilities on wind up.

6. Although the policy intentions underlying the Minimum Funding Requirement were always clear to those in government, they were not widely communicated. As the DWP now says:

7. In practice, the level of statutory protection given to schemes varied. On valuation, scheme assets were often found to be insufficient to meet liabilities (and where an employer was insolvent, the debt came low down the list of priorities). We were told that, as the cost of annuities rose, schemes which were wound up had to pay an increasing amount to secure pensions in payment, which had priority over other claims on the pension schemes' assets.[5] In such cases there would be, broadly speaking, fewer assets to provide cash transfers for non-pensioner scheme members. Moreover, even when there were sufficient assets to provide transfer values to non pensioner scheme members, these were often insufficient to purchase the benefits members had been promised. In its 2003 Green Paper, Simplicity, Security and Choice, the DWP itself noted that "because the actuarial assumptions underpinning the CETV [Cash Equivalent Transfer Value] calculation have become out of date, CETV levels are now providing less protection than was originally envisaged".[6]

The Ombudsman's Report

8. In March 2006 the Parliamentary Ombudsman found that the inadequacy of government information amounted to maladministration, and had meant that those in occupational pension schemes had not realised the risks they ran, and had been denied the opportunity to reduce them. The Government rejected this finding, and the Ombudsman's recommendation for redress, although it did increase the scope of the FAS.

9. Our own investigations led us to agree with the Parliamentary Commissioner, and to press the Government to increase the support available.[7] In addition, four people who had lost their pensions judicially reviewed the Government's rejection of the Parliamentary Ombudsman's findings of maladministration in the High Court.[8] The judgement in that case is being appealed by both parties, and it would be inappropriate for us to comment further.

10. In the course of our original inquiry the Ombudsman expressed her concern that the case might undermine the confidence "that citizens can have that they will receive an effective scrutiny of and outcome to their complaints".[9] We shared her concerns. Subsequent events have shown that the ombudsman system remains robust and effective.

11. Although the Government continues to deny that any maladministration occurred, the Parliamentary Ombudsman's intervention has already resulted in significant improvements to the position of those whose pension funds wound up underfunded.

  • Even though the Government rejected the Ombudsman's report, it brought forward its review of the FAS in consequence, and substantially improved the scheme.[10] This initial improvement was itself significant; it meant that some help was available for those within 15 years of scheme pension age, rather than being restricted only to those within three years of retirement.
  • After our report and the subsequent judgement of the High Court, the Government announced that the FAS would be extended still further, so that all members of affected pension schemes would receive 80% of their core pension entitlements. That promise has resulted in the amendments to the Pensions Bill already described.
  • The Government's review of the FAS will explore whether there are resources, other than the public purse, which can be used to increase the funds available to scheme members.

We recognize that the Parliamentary Ombudsman's report has already resulted in significant concessions from the Government, and significant improvements in the assistance available to those who have lost their pensions. The Ombudsman system has proved to be effective even in the face of Government resistance.

12. It might be argued that redress should be offered to those covered by the Ombudsman's finding of maladministration, rather than all those affected by the loss of their pensions during the period in question. We consider on this that the Government approach has been correct. The most effective response to the Ombudsman's report is to amend the Financial Assistance Scheme, particularly since some of the losses were due to policy deficiencies, which fall outside the Parliamentary Ombudsman's remit, but which Parliament can and should remedy. Our remarks apply to all those in schemes which began wind up before the regime established by the Pensions Act 2004 came into force.


1   Budget 2007, HC(2006-07)342, para 5.65

 Back

2   HC Deb, 18 April 2007, c326 Back

3   Review of the use of assets in FAS pension schemes -Terms of reference, deposited in the House of Commons Library Back

4   Appendix 3 below Back

5   See Public Administration Select Committee, Sixth Report of Session 2005-06, The Ombudsman in Question: the Ombudsman's report on pensions and its constitutional implications, Ev 67 Back

6   Simplicity, Security and Choice: Working and Saving for Retirement, Action on Occupational Pensions, Cm 5835, June 2003, Chapter 2, para 11 Back

7   Sixth Report of Session 2005-06, The Ombudsman in Question: the Ombudsman's report on pensions and its constitutional implications, HC 1081 Back

8   R v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions ex parte Bradley and Others [2007] EWHC 242 (Admin), para 91 http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2007/242.html Back

9   op cit, para 71 Back

10   See HC(2005-06)1081, para 52 Back


 
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