Supplementary written evidence submitted
by the Department for International Development
I am writing to respond to the points raised
at the oral evidence session on 22 January regarding DFID and
China. Please find attached the further information I agreed to
provide on:
— What will replace the expired middle-income
country Strategy and the criteria which will be used to determine
DFID's approach to middle-income countries.
— The proportions of grant and loan
funding which DFID provides to middle-income countries, together
with comparative data from other major donors.
Annex A
DFID'S STRATEGY TOWARDS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
We no longer have a public version of our strategy
towards middle-income countries. We are committed to ensuring
tht the proportion of the UK's bilateral programme going to low-income
countries is at least 90%, as stated in the HMG Poverty Reduction
Public Service Agreement for 2008-11.
Within the 10% allocated for middle-income countries,
our approach is governed by the following principles:
Upon achievement of middle income status DFID's
general approach is to pursue a stragey of sustainable graduation
from bilateral assistance.
— Our limited bilateral assistance
for middle-incomes is increasingly focused on large, emerging
global partners which have the potential to make a significant
impact on poverty reduction in other countries (eg China, South
Africa).
— DFID belives the 90/10 commitment
of bilateral assistance between low- and middle-income countries
is an appropriate policy because:
— Aid is more effective at reducing
poverty in countries which have higher levels of poverty and gives
us the best chance of meeting the MDGs.
— DFID provides substantial support
to middle-income countries through our contributions to regional
programmes and to multilateral institutions, such as the EC, World
Bank, Asian Development Bank.
— Middle-income country needs are
more focused around getting the right opportunities and voice
in international fora, accessing global best practice, and technical
assistance (skills/training). DFID supports the transfer of knowledge
to both middle-income country governments and between key international
agencies.
— Middle-income countries have
access to greater sources of capital (both concenssionary and
non-concessionary).
Annex B
DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE, BY INCOME GROUP,
£MILLIONS
| | France, 2007 Total Net
| | Germany, 2007 Total Net
| | Japan, 2007 Total Net
| |
| United States, 2007 Total Net
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Income Group | DFID Bilateral Expenditure, 2007-08
| Total ODA Grants | ODA Loans
| Total Net ODA | Total ODA Grants
| ODA loans | Total Net ODA
| Total ODA Grants | ODA loans
| Total Net ODA | Total ODA Grants
| ODA loans | Total Net ODA
|
Multi Contry Project | 778
| 533 | -6 | 527
| 667 | 112 | 779
| 614 | 36 | 650
| 2,603 | -1 | 2,602
|
| Low Income | 1,920 | 1,270
| -124 | 1,146 | 1,279
| 25 | 1,304 | 1,328
| 139 | 1,467 | 3,250
| -55 | 3,195 |
| Low Middle Income | 198 | 1,158
| -164 | 993 | 1,958
| -157 | 1,801 | 982
| -312 | 671 | 3,704
| -329 | 3,375 |
| Upper Middle Income | 65 |
368 | 79 | 458 |
139 | -51 | 88 |
66 | 113 | 176 |
302 | -29 | 273 |
| High | — | 4
| — | 4 | 1
| — | 1 | 2
| -79 | -77 | —
| — | — |
Breakdown of Middle Income
Upper Middle
South Africa
| 27.3 | 15.4 | 37.0
| 52.5 | 19.3 | 31.5
| 50.7 | 2.7 | -0.4
| 2.3 | 113.5 | —
| 113.5 |
| St Helens & Dependencies | 17.6
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
|
| Montserrat | 17.2 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Belize | 0.7 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 0.8
| — | 0.8 | 1.9
| -0.5 | 1.4 |
| Dominica | 0.5 | 0.2
| -0.9 | -00.7 | —
| — | — | 0.3
| — | 0.3 | —
| — | — |
| Turkey | 0.4 | 16.8
| 50.3 | 67.1 | 48.5
| -76.3 | -27.8 | 3.9
| 39.3 | 43.2 | 3.5
| -9.4 | -5.9 |
| Russian Federation | 0.4 |
— | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
|
| St Vincent & Grenadines | 0.3
| — | 0.1 | 0.1
| — | — | —
| 1.3 | — | 1.3
| — | -0.1 | -0.1
|
| Malaysia | 0.2 | 2.0
| -4.3 | -2.4 | 4.8
| — | 4.8 | 13.0
| 98.4 | 111.4 | 1.1
| — | 1.1 |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.2
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
|
| Lebanon | 0.2 | 37.4
| 13.9 | 51.3 | 16.5
| -0.2 | 16.3 | 1.3
| 6.6 | 7.9 | 63.5
| — | 63.5 |
| Mexico | 0.1 | 16.1
| -8.1 | 8.0 | 14.1
| — | 14.1 | 8.0
| -30.6 | -22.6 | 41.8
| — | 41.8 |
| Grenada | 0.1 | —
| 0.2 | 0.2 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 0.1
| — | 0.1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | —
| 2.2 | — | 2.2
| 0.2 | — | 0.2
| — | — | —
| 0.1 | — | 0.1
|
| Botswana | — | 4.8
| -0.1 | 4.6 | 1.2
| — | 1.2 | 2.2
| -3.4 | -1.1 | 22.9
| -0.5 | 22.4 |
| Mauritius | — | 12.4
| 7.5 | 19.9 | 0.3
| -0.3 | -0.1 | 0.3
| 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.1
| — | 0.1 |
| Seychelles | — | 1.2
| -0.9 | 0.3 | —
| — | — | 0.4
| — | 0.4 | 0.1
| — | 0.1 |
| Barbados | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 0.3
| — | 0.3 |
| St Lucia | — | 0.6
| 0.2 | 0.8 | —
| — | — | 1.0
| — | 1.0 | —
| — | — |
| Antigua & Barbuda | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| 0.1 | — | 0.1
| — | -0.1 | -0.1
|
St Kitts - Nevis
— | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 0.4
| — | 0.4 | —
| -0.4 | -0.4 |
|
| Anguilla | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Argentina | — | 8.4
| — | 8.4 | 6.2
| -0.3 | 6.0 | 4.3
| 3.3 | 7.5 | 3.9
| — | 3.9 |
| Chile | — | 7.0
| -1.9 | 5.1 | 9.0
| 4.7 | 13.7 | 5.1
| -0.7 | 4.4 | 0.6
| -1.1 | -0.5 |
| Cook Islands | — | —
| -0.1 | -0.1 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Costa Rica | — | 11.7
| -0.2 | 11.5 | 3.3
| -1.7 | 1.6 | 4.0
| 4.7 | 8.7 | 13.4
| -14.9 | -1.4 |
| Croatia | — | 1.6
| — | 1.6 | 7.8
| -4.0 | 3.7 | 0.5
| -0.4 | 0.1 | 11.0
| -0.4 | 10.6 |
| Equatorial Guinea | — |
2.9 | -0.1 | 1.9 |
— | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
|
| Gabon | — | 29.3
| -13.3 | 16.1 | 1.3
| -2.1 | -0.7 | 1.2
| -1.0 | 0.1 | 0.5
| — | 0.5 |
| Hungary | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Libya | — | 0.5
| — | 0.5 | 1.9
| — | 1.9 | 0.2
| — | 0.2 | 2.0
| — | 2.0 |
| Mayotte | — | 201.8
| 1.5 | 203.3 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Nauru | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 0.8
| — | 0.8 | —
| — | — |
| Oman | — | 0.4
| — | 0.4 | 0.2
| — | 0.2 | 0.4
| — | 0.4 | 3.6
| — | 3.6 |
| Palau | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 3.3
| — | 3.3 | 7.0
| — | 7.0 |
| Panama | — | 0.2
| -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5
| — | 0.5 | 4.0
| -3.0 | 1.0 | 5.4
| -1.8 | 3.6 |
| Poland | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Uruguay | — | 2.2
| -0.8 | 1.4 | 0.8
| -2.2 | -1.5 | 2.1
| -0.8 | 1.3 | 0.3
| — | 0.3 |
| Venezuela | — | 3.4
| — | 3.4 | 2.8
| — | 2.8 | 1.2
| — | 1.2 | 5.1
| — | 5.1 |
Lower Middle
West Bank and Gaza
| 45.0 | 27.9 | —
| 27.9 | 37.6 | -0.1
| 37.6 | 24.3 | —
| 24.3 | 106.1 | —
| 106.1 |
| Iraq | 39.5 | 379.4
| — | 379.4 | 1,046.9
| — | 1,046.9 | 441.7
| -12.6 | 429.1 | 1,873.5
| — | 1,873.5 |
| China | 38.8 | 89.2
| -23.1 | 66.1 | 177.6
| -33.1 | 144.6 | 139.5
| 78.2 | 217.7 | 20.4
| — | 20.4 |
| Indonesia | 32.2 | 18.4
| -60.4 | -42.0 | 110.1
| -94.4 | 15.7 | 60.4
| -171.6 | -111.2 | 112.1
| -53.5 | 58.6 |
| Jamaica | 5.9 | 0.2
| -0.8 | -0.6 | 0.1
| -4.1 | -4.0 | 1.2
| -5.2 | -4.0 | 9.4
| -12.2 | -2.8 |
| Bosnia | 4.9 | 2.8
| — | 2.8 | 14.5
| — | 14.5 | 2.7
| — | 2.7 | 15.8
| — | 15.8 |
| Angola | 5.3 | 4.9
| +3.2 | 1.6 | 6.1
| — | 6.1 | 11.5
| — | 11.5 | 20.8
| -1.0 | 19.8 |
| Kosovo | 3.2 | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Ukraine | 3.1 | 3.3
| — | 3.3 | 33.1
| 1.4 | 34.5 | 1.9
| 0.9 | 2.9 | 50.2
| -4.7 | 45.5 |
| Amenia | 3.1 | 4.3
| — | 4.2 | 4.9
| 6.4 | 11.3 | 0.8
| 41.8 | 42.6 | 40.8
| -0.9 | 39.9 |
| Serbia | 2.8 | 3.6
| — | 3.6 | 32.7
| 6.5 | 29.2 | 3.6
| — | 3.6 | 52.5
| — | 52.5 |
| Guyana | 2.8 | 0.2
| — | 0.2 | 0.3
| — | 0.3 | 2.1
| — | 2.1 | 10.6
| — | 10.6 |
| Georgia | 2.5 | 2.2
| — | 2.2 | 14.2
| 5.0 | 19.2 | 1.4
| 2.1 | 3.5 | 44.1
| -0.8 | 43.4 |
| Swaziland | 2.2 | 0.1
| — | 0.1 | 0.4
| -3.3 | -3.0 | 1.3
| 2.4 | 3.6 | 1.9
| -0.2 | 1.7 |
| Sri Lanka | 1.8 | 1.9
| 1.4 | 3.3 | 24.5
| -13.8 | 10.7 | 24.6
| -2.6 | 22.1 | 34.6
| -17.8 | 16.7 |
| Albania | 1.5 | 2.5
| — | 2.5 | 11.0
| 11.9 | 23.0 | 0.6
| -1.4 | -0.8 | 16.1
| — | 16.1 |
| Peru | 1.4 | 5.9
| -2.8 | 3.1 | 25.9
| -22.1 | 3.8 | 10.0
| 9.9 | 19.9 | 57.0
| -9.9 | 47.0 |
| Bolvia | 0.5 | 3.5
| 0.1 | 3.6 | 19.9
| — | 19.9 | 19.0
| -0.5 | 18.5 | 61.2
| — | 61.2 |
| Brazil | 0.4 | 59.5
| -3.1 | 56.4 | 49.1
| -10.7 | 38.4 | 11.8
| -16.7 | -5.0 | 11.9
| -10.0 | 1.9 |
| Namibia | 0.4 | 1.9
| -0.5 | 1.4 | 10.9
| -0.3 | 10.6 | 1.3
| 1.5 | 2.9 | 29.4
| — | 29.4 |
| Phillipines | 0.3 | 2.5
| -4.6 | -2.1 | 20.0
| -5.9 | 14.1 | 28.9
| 82.1 | 111.0 | 57.4
| -15.0 | 42.4 |
| Colombia | 0.3 | 18.7
| -1.5 | 17.2 | 15.6
| -3.7 | 11.9 | 7.5
| -7.3 | 0.2 | 201.9
| -0.3 | 201.6 |
| Fiji | 0.2 | 0.6
| -0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1
| — | 0.1 | 3.4
| -0.5 | 2.9 | 0.6
| — | 0.6 |
| Guatemala | 0.2 | 1.4
| — | 1.4 | 9.8
| -1.1 | 8.6 | 11.1
| -2.3 | 8.8 | 43.2
| -20.3 | 22.8 |
| Dijbouti | 0.2 | 28.6
| -0.3 | 28.3 | 0.1
| — | 0.1 | 1.8
| — | 1.8 | 5.1
| — | 5.1 |
| Cape Verde | 0.1 | 2.5
| 0.5 | 3.0 | 1.2
| -0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9
| — | 0.9 | 3.5
| — | 3.5 |
| Jordan | 0.1 | 3.1
| -5.0 | -1.9 | 54.4
| -40.5 | 13.9 | 14.0
| -28.2 | -14.1 | 131.9
| -2.2 | 129.7 |
| Ecuador | 0.1 | 5.2
| -3.2 | 2.0 | 10.5
| 0.5 | 11.0 | 12.2
| -10.8 | 1.5 | 24.7
| -3.4 | 21.3 |
| Kiribati | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 6.5
| — | 6.5 | 0.4
| — | 0.4 |
| Vanuatu | — | 5.5
| -0.3 | 5.3 | —
| — | — | 4.4
| — | 4.3 | 1.2
| — | 1.2 |
| Algeria | — | 94.7
| -2.1 | 92.5 | 5.7
| -1.0 | 4.7 | 2.9
| 0.7 | 3.6 | 0.8
| — | 0.8 |
| Azerbaijan | — | 1.3
| 3.4 | 4.8 | 5.2
| 6.9 | 12.1 | 4.3
| 1.3 | 5.7 | 24.5
| — | 24.5 |
| Belarus | — | 0.6
| — | 0.6 | 9.4
| — | 9.4 | 0.2
| — | 0.2 | 5.9
| -1.8 | 4.1 |
| Cuba | — | 1.2
| — | 1.2 | 1.5
| — | 1.5 | 0.9
| — | 0.9 | 6.2
| — | 6.2 |
| Dominican Republic | — |
4.8 | 3.4 | 8.2 |
5.3 | -1.0 | 4.4 |
7.8 | -6.3 | 1.5 |
15.5 | -13.3 | 2.3
|
| Egypt | — | 64.1
| -25.6 | 38.5 | 42.4
| 34.5 | 76.9 | 11.5
| -25.0 | -13.5 | 336.8
| -105.7 | 231.1 |
| El Salvador | — | 2.9
| — | 2.9 | 6.7
| -2.0 | 4.6 | 9.2
| 4.1 | 13.4 | 25.2
| -5.7 | 19.5 |
| Honduras | — | 0.8
| — | 0.8 | 10.9
| 2.2 | 13.1 | 10.4
| — | 10.4 | 52.3
| -16.7 | 35.5 |
| Iran | — | 9.0
| — | 9.0 | 21.1
| — | 21.0 | 3.6
| -9.7 | -6.0 | 1.1
| — | 1.1 |
| Kazakhstan | — | 1.8
| — | 1.8 | 6.2
| 18.5 | 24.8 | 4.1
| 17.5 | 21.6 | 38.8
| — | 38.8 |
| Macedonia, FYR | — |
1.7 | — | 1.7
| 8.3 | 0.9 | 9.2
| 3.6 | 6.5 | 10.1
| 15.8 | -0.1 | 15.6
|
| Maldives | — | —
| 1.3 | 1.3 | —
| — | — | 1.9
| — | 1.9 | —
| — | — |
| Marshall Islands | — |
— | — | —
| — | — | —
| 1.1 | — | 1.1
| 24.1 | — | 24.1
|
| Micronesia, Fed States | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| 4/8 | — | 4.7
| 49.8 | — | 49.8
|
| Montenegro | — | 2.1
| 1.1 | 3.3 | 0.5
| -0.7 | -0.1 | 2.0
| — | 2.0 | 5.8
| — | 5.8 |
| Morocco | — | 140.2
| -30.9 | 109.3 | 42.8
| 28.6 | 71.4 | 7.5
| 24.8 | 32.3 | 18.0
| -15.3 | 2.7 |
| Niue | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Paraguay | — | 2.0
| -0.3 | 1.7 | 4.6
| -2.2 | 2.4 | 10.9
| 3.5 | 14.4 | 13.0
| -0.6 | 12.4 |
| Romania | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — |
| Samoa | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | 4.2
| — | 4.2 | 0.5
| — | 0.5 |
| Suriname | — | 0.5
| 1.2 | 1.8 | —
| — | — | 1.5
| — | 1.5 | 0.5
| -4.9 | -4.4 |
| Syria | — | 17.3
| -1.4 | 15.8 | 24.1
| -20.1 | 4.0 | 8.0
| -30.8 | -22.8 | 1.2
| — | 1.2 |
| Thailand | — | 17.7
| -15.2 | 2.6 | 10.0
| -11.1 | -1.0 | 24.9
| -263.5 | -238.5 | 24.0
| -1.7 | 22.3 |
| Tonga | — | —
| — | — | —
| -0.9 | -0.9 | 2.3
| — | 2.3 | 0.4
| — | 0.4 |
| Tunisia | — | 56.1
| 7.8 | 63.9 | 21.1
| -7.3 | 13.7 | 4.1
| 6.1 | 10.3 | 0.2
| -5.6 | -5.4 |
| Turkmenistan | — | 0.2
| — | 0.2 | 0.4
| — | 0.4 | 0.2
| -0.5 | -0.3 | 5.1
| -5.0 | 0.1 |
| Wallis & Futuna | —
| 58.7 | -0.3 | 58.5
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
| — | — | —
|
| |
| | | |
| | | |
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