APPENDIX C
COCAINE USE AMONG THOSE ACCESSING ACCREDITED
DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMMES IN CUSTODY AND THE COMMUNITY
All data have been drawn from administrative
IT systems. Although care is taken when processing and analysing
returns the detail is subject to the inaccuracies inherent in
any large scale recording system. The data are not subject to
audit.
PRISON:
Table 2 below shows the self-reported main
drugs of choice for those entering accredited drug treatment programmes
in prisons (2008-09).
Table 1
|
| Programme | Total
participants
| From two main substances of choice
| Overall
crack,
cocaine or
both
| Cocaine
used in
year
before
prison
| Crack used
in year
before
prison
|
| | Cocaine
| Crack |
| | |
|
| FOCUS | 81 |
17 (21%) | 16 (20%)
| 32 (40%) | 30 (37%)
| 27 (33%) |
PASRO
(men & women) | 3,633
| 1,175 (32%) | 1,151 (32%)
| 2,235 (62%) | 2,152 (59%)
| 1,802 (50%) |
| Prison 12 Step | 138
| 18 (13%) | 74 (54%)
| 90 (65%) | 63 (46%)
| 91 (665) |
| RAPt 12 step | Data unavailable
| | | |
| |
| SDP | 9,547 |
1,166 (12%) | 2,416 (25%)
| 3,582 (38%) | 2,306 (24%)
| 3,033 (32%) |
| STOP | 630 |
97 (15%) | 141 (22%)
| 232 (37%) | 217 (34%)
| 213 (34%) |
| TC (men) | 103
| 25 (24%) | 50 (49%)
| 73 (71%) | 47 (46%)
| 59 (57%) |
| TC (women) | 18
| 1 (6%) | 14 (78%)
| 15 (83%) | 5 (28%)
| 15 (83%) |
| Total | 14,150
| 2,499 (18%) |
3,862 (27%) | 6,259 (44%)
| 4,820 (34%) |
5,240 (37%) |
|
The completion rates for these programmes in 2008-09 are
in table 2 below. Some participants will have commenced treatment
outside of the reporting period. These data cannot be broken down
by main drugs of choice.
Table 2
|
| Participants
| Completers | Non Completers
| Completion Rate |
|
| 12 Step (Prison) | 133
| 67 | 66
| 50 |
| 12 Step (RAPt) | 724
| 421 | 303
| 58 |
| Alcohol Free Good Lives | 40
| 32 | 8
| 80 |
| Alcohol | 72
| 61 | 11
| 84 |
| FOCUS | 79
| 67 | 12
| 84 |
| PASRO | 3,655
| 2,974 | 681
| 81 |
| Short Duration Programme | 5,535
| 3,987 | 1,548
| 72 |
| STOP | 360
| 273 | 87
| 75 |
| Therapeutic Community | 276
| 172 | 104
| 62 |
| 10,874
| 8,054 | 2,820
| 74.07% |
|
| Key: |
| STOP—Substance Treatment & Offending Programme
|
| SDP—Short Duration Programme
|
| PASRO—Prison Addressing Substance Related Offending
|
| TC—Therapeutic Community |
| FOCUS—A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) programme (High Security estate only)
|
PROBATION
From the OASys (Offender Assessment System) data NOMS can
identify current assessed drug using trends of those commencing
OSAP (Offender Substance Abuse Programme) or ASRO (Addressing
Substance Related Offending) when under probation supervision
in 2008-09 (see table 3 below). Such programmes should
generally be used in the medium to higher sentencing bands. This
does not represent the full range of treatment that can be accessed
by drug misusing offenders being managed in the community (either
on licence or community order). Offenders in the community can
be referred into the mainstream treatment system, however central
figures are not collated by NOMS on these referrals.
Table 3
|
| Occasional
| Monthly | Weekly
| Daily | Nil
| Some Use |
|
| Heroin (A) | 193
| 28 | 264
| 406 | 2,004
| 891 (31%) |
| Methadone (B) | 13
| 0 | 11
| 100 | 2,771
| 124 (4%) |
| Other opiates (C) | 12
| 0 | 8
| 11 | 2,864
| 31 (1%) |
| Crack/cocaine (D) | 199
| 39 | 190
| 128 | 2,339
| 556 (19%) |
Cocaine Hydrochioride (E)
(ie powder cocaine)
| 107 | 19
| 60 | 20
| 2,689 | 206 (7%)
|
| Misused prescribed drugs (F) | 30
| 5 | 18
| 31 | 2,811
| 84 (3%) |
| Benzodiazepines (G) | 59
| 4 | 57
| 69 | 2,706
| 189 (7%) |
| Amphetamines (H) | 79
| 5 | 59
| 39 | 2,713
| 182 (6%) |
| Hallucinogens (1) | 6
| 0 | 0
| 0 | 2,889
| 6 (0.2%) |
| Ecstacy (J) | 51
| 6 | 17
| 0 | 2,821
| 74 (3%) |
| Cannabis (K) | 275
| 32 | 269
| 381 | 1,938
| 957 (33%) |
| Solvents (L) | 1
| 0 | 0
| 1 | 2,893
| 2 (0.1%) |
| Steroids (M) | 2
| 0 | 1
| 1 | 2,891
| 4 (0.1%) |
| Other (N) | 8
| 1 | 6
| 19 | 2,861
| 34 (1%) |
|
| Notes: |
| — OASys data are available on 2895 out of 3369 OSAP/ASRO commencements.
|
| — ASRO/OSAP can be delivered to alcohol only, drug only or mixed offenders so a significant number reported no drug use.
|
| — Offenders can report use of more than one drug and so may be represented in more than one field.
|
Completion rates fro ASRO and OSAP are not available as it
was not possible in 2008-09 to match completions to individual
commencements that started outside of the reporting period.
DRUG REHABILITATION
REQUIREMENTS
Drug Rehabilitation Requirements (DRRs) are increasingly
used as part of community sentences. The number of orders has
increased from 4,854 in 2001-02 to 17,642 in 2008-09,
whilst the proportion of offenders successfully completing these
orders has risen significantly from 28% in 2003 to 47% in
2008-09.
SUCCESS RATES
OF TREATMENT
A study published by the Lancet into the effectiveness of
community based drug treatment showed that 52% of Crack cocaine
users abstained from use after six months in treatment.
We have not conducted a study only looking at offenders (either
in prison or the community), but there is positive indication
that treatment outcomes for those entering drug treatment through
the Criminal Justice System are comparable to those entering treatment
via other routes.
|
