Supplementary written evidence submitted
by the Department for International Development
NEPAL BACKGROUND:
PEACE PROCESS
AND POLITICS
— Progress on peace: The peace process
has made significant gains; successful elections, the formation
of an inclusive Constituent Assembly (CA), the peaceful removal
of the monarchy, and almost no ceasefire violations. — It's
stalled: The peace process has been stalled for some time, and
political parties have become increasingly polarised. Parliament
is largely paralysed, the constitution making process has effectively
halted, and no practical progress has been made on the integration
and rehabilitation of Maoist ex-combatants. — New consensus
needed: A "new" political consensus is required to break
the deadlock and is being actively sought by political parties.
— Poor public security: Public security
is very poor across many parts of the country. Central and eastern
Tarai are of particular concern, where over 100 armed groups currently
operate. In recent months the security situation is perceived
to have improved marginally as a result of the government's special
security plan. However, political protest programmes repeatedly
act as potential flashpoints; for example, six people were killed
in one clash with the police in early December.
— Impunity and human rights: Impunity for
past and present human rights abuses and criminal activity remains
high.
— Rise of identity based politics: In the
past two years there has been a strong move towards identity based
politics and accompanying violent protest. Expectations of ethnic
federal states are high, but potentially unworkable. What is required
(and has been agreed by the parties) is an inclusive constitution
providing for the rights of all citizens. The Maoists have recently
unilaterally declared five "federal republic states",
but other parties have opposed this as a breach of the Comprehensive
Peace Agreement and one that undermines the CA.
The new government
After nine months in power, the Maoists resigned
from government in early May this year. Following protracted negotiations
over two weeks, Madhav Kumar Nepal, of CPN UML, took charge of
the 19th government since 1990. He leads a 22-party coalition,
with some 44 ministers.
The parties in government have agreed a Common
Minimum Programme with six top priorities: building political
consensus; addressing impunity and promoting the rule of law;
implementing peace agreements; restructuring the state and writing
a new constitution; providing immediate relief to the people;
and promoting economic growth. However, these priorities are backed
by a long list of activities, and implementation will be difficult.
The Maoist challenge
The Maoist government's relationship with the
Nepal Army was highly problematic, in particular around the approach
to "integration" of Maoist combatants into the Army.
Unhappy with the Chief of Army Staff and his resistance to integration,
the Prime Minister decided to sack him. The President revoked
this decision, citing constitutional reasons, which led to the
fall of the Government. The Maoists have been protesting against
the President's decision in Parliament by blocking House business,
and through street demonstrations. Protests have been stepped
up from sit-ins to general strikes to declaration of "federal
states". So far the Maoists have declared five "federal
states", based on ethnicity. But other parties have opposed
this as a breach of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and one
that undermines the CA.
A Special Committee and Technical Committee
have been working for some months towards finding a solution to
the issue of the integration/rehabilitation of the Maoist Army.
However, agreement is yet to be reached. The Maoists have committed
to unilaterally discharging their 4,000 minors and late recruits
from the cantonments in mid December, but tangible action has
yet to begin.
The Madhesi challenge
The five Madhesi parties (people from the southern
Tarai plains) are divided within themselves despite their common
position on autonomy for the Madhesh. The Tharu people, categorised
as Madhesis so far, are now asserting their own identity. A newly
formed group—OBC (other backward classes)—is also
seeking special treatment from the state.
Rise of identity politics
Nepal is emerging from a painful 10 year conflict
driven to a large extent by inequality and exclusion (based on
gender, caste, religion, identity, and place of residence). A
key challenge is to peacefully re-negotiate the relationship between
citizens and state, in particular in relation to inclusion of
previously excluded communities. As this process takes place,
identity politics has come to the fore. Following the Madhesh
uprising in early 2008 the government recognised the Madhesi identity
and introduced new constitutional and legal measures to reflect
this. For example, state institutions at different levels are
required to reserve some seats for Madhesis. Apart from this,
the Government's reservation policy covers women, ethnic/indigenous
groups and Dalits. But new identity claims are now being made
on the State. The Tharus in the Tarai and the Limbus in the east
are examples. Ideally, these claims should be negotiated in the
CA, but are being taken forward outside of the CA process.
The CA process
The CA is mandated to both draft the new constitution,
and act as legislature for two years. The CA is made up of 601
members from 25 parties and is more representative than any previous
state body in Nepal's history. For example, women members account
for 33% of the CA, and Janajati (ethnic) groups now outnumber
the traditionally dominant elite Brahmin/Chetri castes. However,
some of the CA membership is inexperienced and greater capacity
is needed in order to deal with legislative and constitutional
issues. There is also a risk that the CA will not be able to play
its role effectively, with major political decisions being taken
by the top political leaders outside of the CA process, potentially
based on short-term deals. Also, despite the rhetoric on inclusion,
all political parties are still dominated by mostly male, high-caste
elites.
The CA has set an ambitious timetable with the
final constitution to be agreed by May 2010, however drafting
is yet to start. Frustration is building both among the general
public, and the CA members themselves, at the lack of progress.
The political party leaders are being blamed for not giving the
drafting process priority. The 10 thematic CA committees, have
spent some time at the constituency-level, discussing constitutional
issues, but responding to public comments and submissions will
be a huge challenge. Agreeing a form of federalism is emerging
as one of the most difficult issues to address.
Impunity and human rights
Impunity for past and present human rights abuses
and criminal activity remains high. Neither of the two transitional
justice bodies promised in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement have
yet been set up, and the National Human Rights Commission continues
to be largely ignored. One year on from the publication of OHCHR's
report on 170 instances of conflict-related disappearances in
Bardiya, the Nepal Government has yet to respond to its recommendations.
The pending promotion of General Toran Singh—implicated
in grave human rights abuses during the conflict—to Deputy
Chief of Army Staff, has sent a particularly negative signal regarding
the government's intentions to address past abuse. But the Prime
Minister's subsequent order to the Nepal Army to hand over to
the police Major Basnet—also accused of grave human rights
abuses—may represent the first steps towards addressing
such impunity.
EXAMPLES OF
DFID'S WORK
IN NEPAL
VISITED BY
THE INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE—OCTOBER
2009
Strategic Partnership Agreement with Helvetas
Nepal
DFID Nepal is supporting Helvetas through a
Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) between April 2006 and December
2009. DFID's contribution of £9.4 million was allocated to
five key areas of support:
— sustainable management of natural resources;
— improved access to market and service
centres;
— provision of safe drinking water;
— non-farm employment generation; and
— linking deprived communities to market.
Start/End date: April 2006 to December 2009.
Funding: £9.4 million.
Purpose: To improve livelihoods through strengthened
service systems and equitable access to resources and opportunities
for the poor and excluded.
Location: National Programme.
Key outcomes:
— Out of the total of £9.4 million
that DFID has provided, £3 million was used to support short-term
skills training to 13,200 young people through the Helvetas Employment
Fund. This is a private sector-led scheme, whereby small businesses
employ and train people, and are provided incentives for employing
people from disadvantaged groups—60% of these were women,
and 80% were from disadvantaged groups in total.
— As a result of this support, 80% of the
trainees were in gainful employment (both self and wage employment)
with a minimum income of NRs 3,000 per month (£24), following
the training. Most trainees doubled or trebled their income. The
cost is £320 per person into employment, an investment which
is covered by increased earnings by around a year, representing
very good value for money.
— In addition to the above, other initiatives
under the SPA resulted in employment opportunities of 18,000 person
days, of which 20% was for women.
— 825,000 people given access to 275 new
pedestrian bridges, and 184 bridges completed detailed survey
and design by 2009.
— 50,000 people benefited from a motorable
suspension bridge by 2009.
— 52,600 people in rural areas accessed
water supply and sanitation facilities through 127 schemes.
— More than three-quarters of households
in programme districts earned an average additional income of
£100 annually, by selling vegetables, fruits and livestock
products.
DFID Nepal will continue its support to skills
training through the Helvetas Employment Fund and will provide
£9 million over a period of four years (December 2009 to
November 2013) to deliver skills training to 35,000 young women
and men from disadvantaged groups.
Gurkha Welfare Scheme
The Rural Water & Sanitation Programme is
a component of the Gurkha Welfare Scheme (GWS) funded by DFID
and the Gurkha Welfare Trust (UK). DFID has contributed more than
£14 million during the last 20 years. Since the beginning
of 1989 to the end of June 2008, a total of 919 water supply schemes
(714 New and 205 Rehabilitation) have been completed. A total
of 22,044 households and 200,693 people from 33 districts have
benefited from safe drinking water and improved hygiene and sanitation
practices. A total of 295 latrines were constructed for schools
and health posts. At present, 160 water supply and sanitation
schemes are in various stages of construction under Phase 4 which
will end in March 2010 with a total allocation of £1.5 million.
DFID is considering an extension of Phase 4 to 2012.
Start/End date: April 2008 to March 2010 (GWS phase
IV).
Funding: £1.5 million (£11.7 million since
1999 to date).
Purpose: Beneficiary communities managing and using
improved water supply and sanitation facilities effectively.
Location: 18 districts (six in the East; four in
the Mid West; seven in the West and one in the Central Region).
Key outcomes:
— Major outbreaks of water-borne diseases
have been fully controlled in all beneficiary areas. Before intervention,
the average prevalence rate of water borne diseases was 50%.
— Water collection time of women and children
reduced by three hours on average per day per household, which
has directly contributed to an increase in enrolment of girls
in school by 17%, and reduced women's drudgery drastically.
— A third of positions on the user committees
are occupied by women and 60% by excluded groups, giving them
greater influence over community decisions.
Community Support Programme
The DFID Community Support Programme (CSP) was
initiated as a development strategy targeting conflict affected
people and to provide community development needs when the formal
agencies and institutions were increasingly isolated to small
pockets during the conflict.
CSP has five components: (a) Community infrastructure
development (b) Capacity enhancement of partner organizations,
(c) Increased access to non-formal technical and vocational education
(d) Strengthened assets of poor and excluded to sustain and benefit
from basic services, and (e) Enhanced relations with local government
bodies.
The project also focuses on awareness raising
of excluded groups for increased access to political participation
and representation. This support is also on literacy, income generation
and access to credit.
The Madarasa Madina Primary School was established
in 2006 and has 79 Muslim students, around six to nine years in
age, of whom around 44% are girls.
Start/End date: 2003-09.
Funding: £17.5 million.
Purpose: Improved access to basic services for the
conflict affected people particularly poor and excluded.
Location: 39 Districts (16 in the East, one in the
West, 13 in the Mid-West and nine in the Far-West).
Key outcomes:
— 2,500 school buildings constructed.
— Almost 70,000 households with clean water
supply.
— Almost 18,000 households with sanitation.
— Electricity installed in 7,700 rural
households.
— 26,000 hectares of land irrigated.
— 200km rural roads and foot trails constructed.
— 5 million days of employment.
— At least one fulltime job has been created
in around 10,000 households through skills development and Income
Generating Activities.
— Anecdotal evidence that Muslim women
appear to have been empowered to voice their opinions, have increased
their involvement in savings and credit schemes, and girls enrolment
in school has increased.
— At the national level, along with achievements
in enrolment and gender parity, DFID has also supported the development
of the Ministry of Education's highly disaggregated (social group,
sex and poverty) data collection and analysis system, which is
aiding targeting of excluded groups.
Livelihoods and Forestry Programme
DFID is investing £19.9 million over 10
years (2001-11) in community forestry through its Livelihoods
and Forestry Programme (LFP), which will help almost one fifth
of the population of Nepal to make a better and more sustainable
living from forest resources.
We are also developing the community forest
work to reverse Nepal's high forest degradation emissions, improve
watershed management, and attract carbon finance.
LFP has been supporting enhanced capacity of
users to manage their resources themselves in partnership with
Government/non-government organisations and other stakeholders
at the local level. The programme also works at the national level
to address policy issues. LFP works with 5,000 Community Forest
User Groups in 15 districts across the country aiming to reduce
vulnerability and improve the Livelihoods of poor rural people
through increasing their assets. These community forests lock
up around 1.2 million tonnes of carbon each year. LFP is already
helping communities access carbon funds for the trees they grow
and the national forestry programme which DFID will contribute
from 2011 to aims to take this work further so that communities
can access at least £10m from international carbon funds
per year.
Start/End date: April 2001 to April 2011.
Funding: £19.9 million.
Purpose: Assets of rural communities enhanced through
more equitable, efficient, and sustainable use of forest.
Location: 15 districts (four in the East, three in
the Tarai region, three in the West and five in the Mid-West).
Key outcomes:
— Forest user group incomes increased by
61% from 2003-08 with over a quarter of this being directly attributable
to DFID's Livelihood Forestry Programme (LFP) and community forestry.
For excluded groups (eg Dalits) incomes nearly doubled.
— 433,000 people came out of poverty in
seven LFP supported districts over the same period. For those
districts during that period, it is estimated that for every £35
spent by LFP, one person permanently left poverty.
— Within all 15 LFP districts, about 1.5
million person days of employment (equivalent to about 7,500 full
time jobs) are created annually either directly or indirectly
by forestry groups.
Rural Access Programme
In Nepal, 10 million people are outside of the
target of four hours in the hills, and two hours in the Tarai
plains, from a road. The Rural Access Programme (RAP) is designed
to build road infrastructure as a means of improving the livelihoods,
and economic development, of the poorest people in seven out of
75 districts in Nepal. The second phase of RAP employs over 15,000
workers of which 33% are women. All are from the poorest and most
disadvantaged groups.
The programme improves livelihoods by increasing
accessibility, community awareness, basic skills, and has given
hope of a better future to the poorest. It also provides complementary
activities and training, setting it apart from most other road
construction projects in developing countries. The programme is
essentially by the people for the people, using replicable, innovative
and secure financial and technical management systems.
Start/End date: November 2007 to December 2010.
Funding: £22 million.
Purpose: Improved connectivity of rural communities,
enhanced economic and employment opportunities and increased access
to market and social services for the rural poor and disadvantaged.
Location: Seven districts (four in the East, one
the Mid-West and two in the Far-West).
Key outcomes:
— Better infrastructure support to the
government helped to reduce poverty from 42% to 31% in the last
decade.
— Between 2000 and 2008 DFID spent £42
million on rural road programmes, connecting over 2.4 million
people in remote districts to the national road network, to markets
and services, through the construction of 1,500km of rural roads
and 1,200 pedestrian bridges.
— In doing so, it provided 17.5 million
days of employment for poor and disadvantaged people.
Nepal Peace Trust Fund
The Nepal Peace Trust Fund (NPTF) is a government-led
and managed multi-donor trust fund, established to support the
implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2007. The
UK is one of the Fund's founding donors and the largest external
contributor (other donors include Denmark, Finland, Norway and
Switzerland; Germany is providing technical assistance).
The NPTF provides a mechanism to channel and coordinate
resources in eight areas of work focused on maintaining peace
and bringing stability to Nepal. These are:
— Management of cantonments and rehabilitation
of the Maoist combatants.
— Rehabilitation of the displaced.
— Elections to the Constituent Assembly
and other entities.
— Promotion and strengthening of peace
and security.
— Rehabilitation of conflict-affected individuals
and families.
— Reconstruction and maintenance of conflict-damaged
public physical infrastructure.
— Support to the peace process, implementation
of the CPA and other CPA-related agreements.
DFID also supports the UN Peace Fund, which
complements the NPTF, to fund the UN to register and verify the
combatants within the cantonments, support de-mining operations,
winterisation and preparations for discharge of minors.
NPTF: Start/End date: April 2007 to February 2010.
Funding: £13 million.
Purpose: To provide budget support to the Government
to implement the Peace Agreement in the five areas described in
the comprehensive Peace Agreement.
Location: National Programme.
Key outcomes:
The NPTF has supported two of the key achievements
of the peace process:
— Management of the Maoist army and the
constituent assembly elections in 2008.
— It is also supporting on-going management
of the cantonments, including provision of health services, water
and sanitation, reconstruction of police posts, and preparations
for the elections planned for 2010-11.
Health Sector
DFID is the lead bilateral donor in the government's
health sector programme. DFID, World Bank and AusAid provide sector
budget support through a pooled funding arrangement. DFID also
provides technical assistance to help strengthen health systems
and policy. DFID has a long established role and many successes
in the development and implementation of policies such as free
health care and safe abortion. Nepal signed the International
Health Partnership (IHP) in September 2007.
DFID's investment in the health sector over the past
six years has been £71 million divided among the Nepal Health
Sector Programme (£33.5 million), support to the Safe Motherhood
Programme (£23 million) and HIV/AIDS(£15 million, where
support is channelled through UNDP). DFID is considering future
support to the health sector.
DFID's support to the health sector has contributed
to halving child mortality over 15 years, and halving maternal
mortality over the past decade. DFID has been the major donor
champion of Safe Motherhood in Nepal. It has taken the lead on
moving forward policies on increasing access of poor women to
skilled birth attendants, safe delivery incentives whereby mothers
are provided financial support if they give birth in a health
post, and recently providing additional support for the newly
established Aama Programme (which provides for free national
maternal care). It provides earmarked funding for Safe Motherhood
and provides technical assistance to the Family Health Division.
Nepal signed the national health compact in
February 2009 and all relevant development partners, and government,
are working to improve governance and make aid more effective
in the health sector.
Key outcomes (which DFID has contributed to):
— Nearly 1 in 2 women use a modern method
of family planning, but unmet need for family planning method
is still around 25%.
— 3 of 10 women are assisted by a trained
health worker during delivery.
— Deliveries by health workers has increased
from 4.8% in 2000 to 32.8% in 2008.
— Two-thirds of women now receive antenatal
care, but only one-third of women receive a full four antenatal
care visits.
— Around 90,000 women received free delivery
care from January 2009 and 400,000 women received the safe delivery
cash incentive in the last four years under DFID supported programmes.
Climate Change
Nepal lies at the heart of the Greater Himalayan
region, the water tower of Asia and the source of the nine largest
rivers in Asia and home to over 1.3 billion people. The glaciers
in Nepal feed not only Nepal but also contribute 40% of the annual
water flowing through the Ganges and, importantly, provide over
70% of the flow in the dry season. Without these flows the 500
million people living in the Ganges Basin will face severe droughts
and food shortages. About 10 million poor people are directly
vulnerable to climatic changes, making Nepal one of the most vulnerable
countries in the world.
While Nepal's emissions of greenhouse gases are negligible,
it has limited capacity to adapt to climate change. However Nepal
is well placed to adopt a low carbon growth development path,
with its large hydropower resources and good track record of reducing
deforestation. Nepal has a good case to seek climate change financing
at international negotiations, but needs support to articulate
them.
UK departments are working closely together
to ensure Nepal's case is heard at Copenhagen in December 2009,
as part of the UK "Equity Campaign". A regional Climate
Change Conference held in Nepal, that DFID co-sponsored, raised
awareness of the scale of the issues facing the region and set
out the region's demands from a global climate deal. DFID is also
developing a £10 million programme to help Nepal tackle Climate
Change which will work closely with a new DFID forestry programme
(building on previous work), and with regional efforts with the
World Bank through the South Asia Water Initiative.
DFID is supporting work in four areas, all of
which are part of the 4th White Paper commitments—closely
working with other UK departments and multi-laterals:
1. DFID support to enable Nepal to effectively
influence climate change negotiations and help achieve an ambitious
global deal. This work includes capacity building for Nepal's
negotiating team and awareness raising such as the cabinet meeting
at Everest Base camp, a regional journalists journey and the government
delegation at Copenhagen. (£1 million)
2. Supporting Nepal to develop a framework for
action on climate change—the National Adaptation Programme
of Action—and helping donors coordinate their support through
the signing of 14 donor compact to work together on climate change.
(£10 million)
3. Increasing our support to the forestry sector
which will attract carbon financing. (£40 million)
4. Support to the South Asia Water Initiative
(SAWI) to help Nepal develop its water and hydro power resource
for the benefit of the region. (£2.6 million)
Key Outcomes:
— Nepal is already selected to receive
support from adaptation, forestry and renewable climate funds,
worth between $30-60 million over the next five years.
— The Prime Minister formed a climate change
council and led a strong and influential delegation of Nepali
government, academic and civil society to the COP 15 climate change
negotiations in Copenhagen.
— DFID's Livelihoods and Forestry Programme
sequesters over 1.2 million tonnes of Carbon each year—carbon
which LFP pilots have shown are suitable for climate financing
for which Nepal is now applying.
World Food Programme Activities
Food insecurity is a chronic problem in Nepal
with the most vulnerable 40% of the population unable to meet
their full food requirements. Across Nepal, around 50% of children
are malnourished, and even in the Tarai plains where food is freely
available, 20% of children are severely malnourished. Last year
the price of rice rose 30%. The likelihood of continued price
volatility remains high. Women and children are the most affected.
While there is a need to address short term,
acute food insecurity, the long term solution is to address chronic
food insecurity and malnutrition. To do this means giving poor
people better access to economic opportunities and reducing their
vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks. It also means addressing
the complex interactions between health status, education of girls,
and women's status and income—all of which impact on the
nutritional status of children.
DFID has already been addressing immediate food
security needs, having given £5.4 million to the World Food
Programme over the last year. We are also building rural infrastructure,
creating jobs, and providing skills training for disadvantaged
groups to improve economic opportunity, and this is complemented
by work on social protection. DFID is developing a nutrition strategy
with government and other donors to assess which interventions
will be most effective.
DFID is currently developing joint work with
World Food Programme to support government in more effective targeting
of social protection programmes to support increased food security,
and with the UN Capital Development Fund on a social protection
pilot to support better nutrition. At the same time we are working
with other donors and government to agree a common cross sectoral
approach to improving nutritional outcomes in Nepal.
We are closely monitoring the current situation.
Summer harvest stocks are now dwindling in many areas signalling
the start of the winter hunger period. WFP estimates that 1.2-1.6m
people are in immediate need of assistance—with another
2m people at risk. We are examining options for providing short
term support.
Key outcomes:
DFID support of £5.4 million provided food
and cash assistance to over 400,000 food insecure and malnourished
people from Jan to June 2009. This total includes:
— Over 236,000 food insecure people assisted
through food for work, enough to meet basic food needs over hunger
season at the start of 2009.
— Nearly 18,000 people assisted with cash
for work pilots in flood affected areas in the Mid and Far-West,
enabling them to start rebuilding their lives.
— Nearly 14,000 victims of the Koshi floods
provided with food and rehabilitated to their homes.
— Over 112,000 children benefiting from
school feeding programmes in food insecure areas that give incentives
for girls attendance.
CURRENT DFID NEPAL PROGRAMMES
S No |
Project Name |
Project Objectives
|
Start Date |
End Date
| Amount
Committed
(£ in million)
|
| 1 | National HIV/AIDS Programme
| Optimise prevention and reduce social impact of HIV/AIDS transmission among young people aged 10-24 years, labour, migrants, MSW, MSM, IDUs and PLHA through the provision of advocacy and preventive services.
| 06/10/2005 | 31/03/2011 |
15.00 |
| 2 | Community Support Programme (CSP)
| Improved access to basic services for the conflict affected people particularly poor and excluded.
| 17/05/2005 | 31/12/2009 |
17.50 |
| 3 | Social Inclusion Action Plan
| To increase the ability of key formal institutions to effectively address gender equity and social inclusion issues and the ability of excluded groups to influence institutions and access resources and services.
| 03/10/2006 | 31/03/2009 |
2.70 |
| 4 | Enabling State Programme (ESP)
| Relationship between state institutions and citizens strengthened to promote inclusive policies and programmes.
| 05/11/1997 | 31/12/2012 |
27.50 |
| 5 | Nepal Health Sector Programme
| To improve the health status of the Nepalese population through increased utilisation of quality essential services delivered by a well managed and health sector.
| 01/02/2005 | 01/07/2009 |
33.50 |
| 6 | Support to Safe Motherhood Programme
| To improve maternal and neonatal health and survival especially among poor and socially excluded communities.
| 01/12/2004 | 01/12/2009 |
23.00 |
| 7 | Local Governance and Community Development Programme (LGCDP) Design
| To provide support to the local Governance and Community Development Programme implementation.
| 01/10/2007 | 30/06/2010 |
0.15 |
| 8 | Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
| To strengthen Nepal's Public Financial Management and Accountability (PFMA) systems.
| 01/02/2009 | 01/04/2014 |
0.10 |
| 9 | Strategic Partnership Agreement Helvetas
| To improve livelihoods through strengthened service systems and equitable access to resources and opportunities, for the poor and excluded.
| 01/04/2006 | 31/12/2009 |
9.40 |
| 10 | Livelihood Forestry Programme (LFP)
| Assets of rural communities enhanced through more equitable, efficient and sustainable use of forest resources.
| 01/04/2001 | 01/12/2010 |
18.67 |
| 11 | Ghurkha Welfare Phase 4 |
Beneficiary communities managing and using improved water supply and sanitation facilities effectively.
| 01/04/2008 | 31/03/2010 |
1.50 |
| 12 | Rural Access Programme Phase II (RAP II)
| Improved connectivity of rural communities, enhanced economic and employment opportunities and increased access to market and social services for the rural poor and disadvantaged.
| 01/11/2007 | 31/12/2010 |
22.00 |
| 13 | Agriculture Perspective Plan Support (APPSP)
| Deliver appropriate agricultural support services to the rural poor through improved policy and institutional arrangements 01/12/2002 30/06/2009 10.32 14 Financial Sector Technical Assistance Central bank operates in an independent way and effectively regulates the banking sector to ensure that commercial banks operate on a prudent and commercial basis 01/06/2003 01/06/2012 5.40 15 Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Programme Reduce Poverty through improved Rural infrastructure.
| 01/05/2007 | 01/12/2010 |
10.08 |
| 16 | National Adaptation Plan—Climate Change
| To prepare a strategic framework of action on climate change behind which stakeholders can align their response.
| 01/10/2008 | 31/03/2010 |
0.66 |
| 17 | Support to Inclusive Growth
| To design DFID Nepal support to inclusive growth in the areas of economic reform, social protection and support to the Private sector and to fund the initial cost of support on economic reform.
| 01/06/2008 | 30/04/2010 |
0.75 |
| 18 | Centre for Inclusive Growth—Design + Implementation
| To support the creation of an enabling environment for high level policy reform to increase the rate of inclusive economic growth.
| 01/11/2009 | 31/12/2011 |
1.20 |
| 19 | Interim project to support inclusive growth
| To support the creation of an enabling environment for high level policy reform to increase the rate of inclusive economic growth.
| 01/08/2009 | 31/07/2010 |
0.80 |
| 20 | SDC Agriculture | Deliver appropriate agricultural support services to the rural poor through improved policy and institutional arrangements.
| 01/04/2009 | 31/03/2011 |
1.50 |
| 21 | Nepal Peace Trust Fund (NPTF)
| To provide budget support to the Government to implement the Peace Agreement in the five areas described in the comprehensive Peace Agreement
| 11/04/2007 | 01/01/2010 |
13.00 |
| 22 | Risk Management Office |
To manage and reduce risk to DFID and GTZ staff, programmes/projects.
| 29/11/2002 | 01/10/2009 |
1.49 |
| 23 | Peace and Development Strategy
| National Peace and Development, and aid effectiveness strategies, effectively guide government and international community programming.
| 01/01/2009 | 01/12/2010 |
0.95 |
| |
| | | |
|
