Annex: Questions posed in the Green Paper
General
- Which lessons from the 2020
framework and present state of the EU energy system are most important
when designing policies for 2030?
Targets
- Which targets for 2030 would
be most effective in driving the objectives of climate and energy
policy? At what level should they apply (EU, Member State, or
sectoral), and to what extent should they be legally binding?
- Have there been any inconsistencies in the current
2020 targets and if so how can be coherence of potential 2030
targets be better ensured?
- Are targets for sub-sectors such as transport,
agriculture, industry appropriate, and, if so, which ones? For
example, is a renewables target necessary for transport, given
the targets for carbon dioxide reduction for passenger cars and
light commercial vehicles?
- How can targets better reflect the economic viability
and the changing degree of maturity of technologies in the 2030
framework?
- How should progress be assessed for other aspects
of EU energy policy, such as security of supply, which may not
be captured by the headline targets?
Instruments
- Are changes necessary to other
policy instruments and how they interact with one another, including
between the EU and national levels?
- How should specific measures at the EU and national
level best be defined to optimise cost-efficiency of meeting climate
and energy objectives?
- How can fragmentation of the internal energy
market best be avoided, particularly in relation to the need to
encourage and mobilise investment?
- Which measures could be envisaged to make further
energy savings most cost-effectively?
- How can EU research and innovation policies best
support the achievement of the 2030 framework?
Competitiveness and security of supply
- Which elements of the framework
for climate and energy policies could be strengthened to better
promote job creation, growth and competitiveness?
- What evidence is there for carbon leakage under
the current framework and can this be quantified? How could this
problem be addressed in the 2030 framework?
- What are the specific drivers in observed trends
in energy costs and to what extent can the EU influence them?
- How should uncertainty about efforts and the
level of commitments that other developed countries and economically
important developing nations will make in the on-going international
negotiations to be taken into account?
- How to increase regulatory certainty for business
while building in flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances
(for example, progress in international climate negotiations and
changes in energy markets)?
- How can the EU increase the innovation capacity
of manufacturing industry? Is there a role for the revenues from
the auctioning of allowances?
- How can the EU best exploit the development of
indigenous conventional and unconventional energy sources within
the EU to contribute to reduced energy prices and import dependency?
- How can the EU best improve security of energy
supply internally by ensuring the full and effective functioning
of the internal energy market (for example, through the development
of necessary interconnections), and externally by diversifying
energy supply routes?
Capacity and distributional aspects
- How should the new framework
ensure an equitable distribution of effort among Member States?
What concrete steps can be taken to reflect their different abilities
to implement climate and energy measures?
- What mechanisms can be envisaged to promote cooperation
and a fair effort sharing between Member States whilst seeking
the most cost-effective delivery of new climate and energy objectives?
- Are new financing instruments or arrangements
required to support the new 2030 framework?
|
