APPENDIX 3
Glossary
ACRONYMS
| ACRE |
Action with Communities in Rural England
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| CAP
| Common Agricultural Policy
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| CLA
| Country Landowners' Association
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| CPRE
| Council for the Protection of Rural England
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| DETR
| Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
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| DG VI
| European Commission Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development
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| DG XVI
| European Commission Directorate-General for Regional Policy and Cohesion
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| ELO
| European Landowners' Organisation
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| ERDF
| European Regional Development Fund (one of the Structural Funds)
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| ESA
| Environmentally Sensitive Area
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| ESF
| European Social Fund (one of the Structural Funds)
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| FEOGA
| European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund
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| FIFG
| Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (one of the Structural Funds)
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| FWAG
| Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group
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| GATT
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, succeeded in 1993 by the World Trade Organisation
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| GDP
| Gross Domestic Product
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| GNP
| Gross National Product
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| HLCA
| Hill Livestock Compensatory Allowance
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| ISDN
| Integrated Services Digital Network-a superior quality telephone line which permits the rapid transfer of computer data
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| LEADER
| A decentralised rural development programme run by DG VI
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| MAFF
| Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
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| NFU
| National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
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| PPG 7
| DETR Planning Policy Guidance Note 7 "The Countryside-Environmental Quality and Economic and Social Development"
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| RDC
| Rural Development Commission
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| RICS
| Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
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| RSPB
| Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
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| SSSI
| Site of Special Scientific Interest
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| WTO
| World Trade Organisation, successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
|
TECHNICAL
TERMS
Environmental goods-this
concept turns care for the environment into a product or service
which can be purchased. There is no set definition, but it might,
for example, include the preservation or construction of hedges,
the restricted use of fertilisers or practice to maintain a bird
population.
Guarantee section-the
FEOGA Guarantee section, over 95% of the total, funds the CAP's
price support.
Guidance section-the
FEOGA Guidance section is one of the Structural Funds and provides
assistance to reform farm structures and to develop rural areas.
Guideline (Agricultural)-in
order to curb expenditure, the Guideline limits the CAP's annual
rate of increase to 74 per cent of the annual growth of GNP. The
guideline for the growth of the Community's overall budget is
1.27 per cent of GNP.
Horizontal-a
scheme available across the Community or a Member State, i.e.
not limited to specific localities by the Community or national
government.
Menu-most
commonly used in relation to the agri-environment regulation (2078/92[43]),
whereby a Member State may (according to Community guidelines
and subject to Community approval) draw up a menu of options from
which the farmer can then select for which to apply. The approach
is in contrast to that where there are several separate schemes,
each with different intentions, application and funding processes.
Structural Funds-the
principal means by which the Community seeks to reduce disparities
within the Union[44].
The four funds are:
- European Regional
Development Fund
- Guidance Section
of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund
- Financial Instrument
for Fisheries Guidance
The current "Objectives"
for expenditure (referred to by their number) and relative shares
of expenditure are:
targeted measures:
1. poorest regions in the Community
whose development is lagging behind (68.1 per cent)
2. regions seriously affected by
industrial decline (10.8 per cent)
5(a). structural reform of agriculture
(4.3 per cent)
6. development of sparsely populated
regions (0.5 per cent)
horizontal measures:
3. long-term and youth unemployment
4. adaptation of workers to
technological change (3 and 4 together: 11.2 per cent)
5(b). diversification of vulnerable
rural areas (4.5 per cent)
Targeted-a
scheme which operates in a spatially defined region.
Tiered-a
concept for rural environmental policy. The lowest tier may, for
example, be available across the Community and not set very rigorous
standards. Higher tiers would set higher standards and may be
concentrated on especially valued areas or features.
Transition-the
period from the implementation of the Agenda 2000 CAP reforms
to the full exposure of European agriculture to international
competition, during which time the industry will undergo much
change.
43 "On agricultural production methods compatible
with the requirements of the protection of the environment and
the maintenance of the countryside" OJ L215 (30 July 1992)
p 85. Back
44
A full analysis is made in European Communities Committee, 11th
Report (1996-97): Reducing Disparities within the European
Union: the Effectiveness of the Structural and Cohesion Funds
(HL 64). Back
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