Annex to Q10
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS
OF EU COMMON
MILITARY LIST
CATEGORIES
(cf. OJ C 98 of 18 March 2008 for the full EU
Common Military List)
ML1 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre
of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre
of 12.7 mm (calibre 0.50 inches) or less and accessories, and
specially designed components therefore.
ML2 Smooth-bore weapons
with a calibre of 20 mm or more, other weapons or armament with
a calibre greater than 12.7 mm (calibre 0.50 inches), projectors
and accessories, and specially designed components therefor.
ML3 Ammunition and fuse
setting devices, and specially designed components therefor.
ML4 Bombs, torpedoes,
rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges and related
equipment and accessories, specially designed for military use,
and specially designed components therefor.
ML5 Fire control, and related alerting
and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment
and countermeasure equipment, specially designed for military
use, and specially designed components and accessories therefor.
ML6 Ground vehicles and components.
ML7 Chemical or biological toxic agents,
"tear gases", radioactive materials, related equipment,
components, materials and "technology".
ML8 "Energetic materials",
and related substances.
ML9 Vessels of war, special naval equipment
and accessories, and components therefor, specially designed for
military use.
ML10 "Aircraft", unmanned airborne
vehicles, aero-engines and "aircraft" equipment, related
equipment and components, specially designed or modified for military
use.
ML11 Electronic equipment not controlled
elsewhere on the EU Common Military List, specially designed for
military use and specially designed components therefor.
ML12 High velocity kinetic energy weapon
systems and related equipment, and specially designed components
therefor.
ML13 Armoured or protective equipment
and constructions and components.
ML14 Specialised equipment for military
training or for simulating military scenarios, simulators specially
designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled
by ML1 or ML2, and specially designed components and accessories
therefor.
ML15 Imaging or countermeasure equipment,
specially designed for military use, and specially designed components
and accessories therefor.
ML16 Forgings, castings and other unfinished
products the use of which in a controlled product is identifiable
by material composition, geometry or function, and which are specially
designed for any products controlled by ML1 to ML4, ML6, ML9,
ML10, ML12 or ML19.
ML17 Miscellaneous equipment, materials
and libraries, and specially designed components therefor.
ML18 Equipment for the production of
products referred to in the EU Common Military List.
ML19 Directed energy weapon systems (DEW),
related or countermeasure equipment and test models, and specially
designed components therefor.
ML20 Cryogenic and "superconductive"
equipment, and specially designed components and accessories therefor.
ML21 "Software" specially designed
or modified for the "development", "production"
"use" of equipment or materials controlled by the EU
Common Military List.
ML22 "Technology" for the "development",
"production" or " use" of items controlled
in the EU Common Military List, other than that "technology"
controlled in ML7.
Table 1
EU-CHINA SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
IN CHINA
(expressed in £'s at the exchange rate
at end-March 2008)
|
| Donor | Key Sectors
| Geographic Focus |
Financing/ODA |
|
| Denmark | Environment, Renewable Energy, Climate Change, NGO
| North East for renewable energy, South and West for climate change
| 2006-08: £7.5 million |
| EC | Supporting Areas covered by Sectoral Dialogues; environment, energy and climate change; and human resources development.
| All over China | 2007-10: £128 million
|
| France | AFD (French Dev Agency):
Energy efficiency in the industry and services, power generation, sustainable urban development, rural development.
French Embassy:
Governance and rule of law, health, urban development, higher education
| Yunnan, Guangxi
Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan, and Chongqing municipality.
All over China
| Loans: 2007: £68 million
Grants: 2007-08 £3.4 million
|
| Germany | Environmental policy, natural resource management, renewable energy and energy efficiency, sustainable urban development; economic and social reform, legal reform, financial sector; health sector
| Special focus on Western Provinces and the Northeast
Many countrywide Programmes
| Loans: 2007: £75 million
Grants: 2007: £12.5 million
|
| Italy | Cultural heritage, environment, health and education
| Central and Western Provinces | 2006-09: loans £160 million
2006-09: grants £33 million
|
| Spain | Environment (water treatment); Support for SMEs; renewable energy; health; and education.
| Central and western provinces | 2005-07:
£115 million
|
| Sweden | Environment and sustainable development; human rights education; health (HIV/IDS, maternal health); good governance.
| New projects in the strategy period 2006-10 will be focused in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Inner Mongolia.
| 2005: £6 million
2006-10: £25 million
|
|
JOINT ACTIVITIES
Projects
— EU-China CDM Facilitation Project
The EU-China CDM Facilitation Project was officially launched
on 28 June 2007. The project will strengthen the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) as a central pillar within China's path to sustainable
development. Until January 2010, the focus will be on China's
policy and regulatory regime and quality management for CDM development.
It will bring together a wide range of stakeholders at public
and private sector levels involved in CDM projects. On the national
level, the project will among other things assess effectiveness
of technology transfer through CDM, and analyse CDM market development.
The consortium implementing the project has finished a needs assessment
and also established an inventory of all CDM capacity building
projects in China. Several Member States have signalised interest
to be involved in the activities on regional level. This project
implements one of the seven first joint activities of the EU-China
Rolling Work Plan on Climate Change agreed in October 2006. The
EU-China CDM Facilitation Project is being implemented by Chinese
and European partners and associates with grants from the European
Commission and is the largest European-funded project addressing
CDM-related activities in China. The estimated cost of the project
is 2.8 million EUR.
Partners in the CDM Facilitation Project conducted a study
tour to Europe in October 2008. They visited UK, Sweden, Germany
and the European institutions in Brussels.
— Carbon capture and storage ("Zero-emission"
demonstration plant)
The EU-China Partnership on Climate Change is designed to
strengthen practical cooperation on the development, demonstration,
deployment and transfer of clean fossil fuels technologies, to
improve energy efficiency and to achieve a low carbon economy.
In this respect the EU and China have developed a project (the
Near Zero Emissions Coal (NZEC) Initiative) with the aim of developing
and demonstrating advanced near-zero emission coal technology
through carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This technology
will allow for the capture of CO2 emissions from coal-fired power
plants and its subsequent storage underground, for example in
exploited oil or gas fields or saline aquifers, thereby avoiding
CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
In order to implement the first phase of the cooperation on
NZEC Memoranda of Understanding were signed between the European
Commission and China and the United Kingdom and China in February
2006 and December 2005 respectively.
Two co-ordinated feasibility studies are under way as part
of Phase I of the Initiative both involving European and Chinese
partners, and led by a Joint Steering Committee. The first of
these is the COACH project (Cooperation Action with CCS China-EU),
which was launched in November 2006. It is funded, in part, under
the EU's 6th Framework Programme for research, and has the following
key objectives:
— enhancement of knowledge sharing and capacity building;
— preparation of the implementation of large scale clean
coal energy facilities by 2020;
— addressing of the cross-cutting issues, eg Societal
anchorage, legal, regulatory, funding and economic issues, and
— coordination of activities performed under the EU-China
MoU on NZEC.
COACH has five working groups dealing with (i) knowledge sharing
and capacity building; (ii) capture technologies; (iii) geological
storage and large scale use of CCS; (iv) recommendations and guidelines
for implementation, and (v) project management. Results are expected
in autumn 2009.
The second project is the UK NZEC Initiative, which has a
complementary set of five work packages, looking at (i) knowledge
sharing and capacity building; (ii) future energy technology perspectives;
(iii) case studies for CO2 capture; (iv) CO2 storage potential,
and (v) policy and technology assessment. Chinese partners in
both include ACCA21, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University
and Greengen (among others) and UK partners include Shell, BP,
Imperial College, Edinburgh University, British Geological Survey,
Cambridge University, and Heriott Watt University.
The UK's NZEC Initiative has a budget of up to £3.5 million,
while the EC's COACH project has a budget of €2.6 million
(including €1.5 million EC contribution).
Phase two will be a site-specific design and feasibility study,
and phase three (to be completed by 2015) will be the construction
and operation of a commercial scale demonstration plant fired
by near-zero-emissions coal with CCS technology.
The two Phase I projects are complemented by an EC funded
project examining CCS regulation in the EU and China: "Support
to Regulatory Activities for Carbon Capture and Storage"
(STRACO2). By supporting a CCS regulatory framework inside the
EU, STRACO2 will be instrumental for establishing best practice
standards globally.
— Energy and Environment Programme
The EU-China Energy Environment Programme (EEP) was established
2002 to correspond to the political intent of the Chinese Government
and the European Commission, to further strengthen the EU-China
co-operation in the area of energy. The overall purpose of the
Programme is to promote sustainable energy use by securing supply
at improved economic, social and environmental conditions, thus
contributing to improved environmental quality and health conditions
in China. The total cost of the project 2001-2008 is 42.9 Million
EUR. The programme runs until the end of 2008, although the partners
are seeking an extension until 2010.
Meetings
The EU—both the Commission and Member States—has
regular high level dialogue with China on climate change. The
EU-China Partnership has a twice yearly Bilateral Consultation
Mechanism meeting which discusses multilateral issues, presents
new domestic climate change initiatives and reviews the Rolling
Work Programme of bilateral projects.
The 5th Meeting of the Bilateral Consultation Mechanism
under the EU-China Partnership on Climate Change met on 18 August
2008 in Paris. Climate change experts from the European Commission,
the French Presidency of the EU, the forthcoming Czech presidency
and China met in Paris to further discuss climate change issues
of mutual interest. In particular, they agreed the revision of
the Rolling Work Plan under the EU-China Partnership. They also
briefed each other on recent domestic developments on climate
change policy and discussed issues of interest in the context
of the UNFCCC climate change negotiations.
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