Annex 1
FULL ANSWER TO QUESTION TWO
For each of the nine theatres of operation covered
by sub-target 1 of Target 5 (Conflict prevention), described on
pages 304-8 of the Annual Report, what has been DFID's contribution
and what were DFID's expenditures?
AFGHANISTAN
DFID Afghanistan's work has supported progress
towards the conflict prevention target, through:
— Supporting accountable and democratic
structures for Afghanistan's governing institutions: DFID has
been working with the World Bank to support the Government of
Afghanistan in performing basic functions like budgeting and policy
formulation, and delivering basic services more effectively. This
has contributed to building the capacity and legitimacy of the
Afghan government. Last year DFID spent £5.5 million on building
more effective Afghan state institutions.
— Conflict-sensitive programming: DFID
Afghanistan works to ensure that our whole programme is conflict-sensitive.
We are also working closely with the GoA to ensure that the Afghanistan
National Development Strategy, which will be the guiding framework
for Afghanistan's development over the next five years, takes
a conflict-sensitive approach.
— Support to conflict-affected areas:
In 2006-07, DFID spent around £16 million to support the
UK's Comprehensive Approach in Helmand, aimed at stabilising the
province and creating an environment where the government can
establish effective rule of law and good governance. DFID funding
included £4 million to fund Quick Impact Projects, which
deliver short-term development results, and help to prepare for
longer-term activity. These projects, developed jointly by DFID,
the FCO and the military, include improving security for schools,
improving drinking water and sanitation, and road building. Nearly
150 projects are now complete.
This also includes £10 million to support
the rollout of the Government of Afghanistan's National Priority
Programmes in Helmand. These are providing longer-term improvements
in water and sanitation, essential small-scale rural infrastructure,
and access to small loans, as well as improved roads, access to
markets, agricultural inputs and training.
DFID Afghanistan is currently designing a programme
which will focus specifically on conflict prevention in the south.
BALKANS
DFID provided approximately £600,000 in
2006-07 through the Global Conflict Prevention Pool (GCPP) to
the Western Balkans Region for interventions that support security
sector reform, tackling one of the main conflict risk factors
in the region. This support addresses concerns about the justice
system, and promotes community safety through more accountable
and impartial policing. This helps to remove some of the sources
of ethnic tension. This is in addition to bilaterally funded activities.
Through the GCPP DFID also addresses the legacy
of past conflicts, including tracing those still unaccounted for,
and helps with the return of the refugees and displaced people.
This promotes more stable multi-ethnic societies.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
OF CONGO
(DRC)
DFID has provided long-term support (US$5 million
per year) through the Africa Conflict Prevention Pool (ACPP) to
the Multi-Country Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme—a
programme which supports demobilisation not only in DRC but other
Great Lakes countries such as Rwanda and Burundi. In 2006-07,
increasing momentum behind security sector reform allowed DFID
to provide around £3.7 million towards army integration programmes.
In general, the ACPP is seeing a shift in resources from West
Africa to the Central and East Africa and the Horn, with DRC being
one of the major calls on these resources.
DFID provided around £75 million to DRC
in 2006-07, the vast majority of which was humanitarian aid. Supporting
the electoral process in DRC, alongside other donors, was a major
feature of the DFID programme last year. Presidential and parliamentary
elections were relatively peaceful and in accordance with international
standards.
IRAQ
In 2006-07, DFID spent an estimated £45
million on post-conflict reconstruction in Iraq. This included
£35 million for bilateral reconstruction programmes and £10
million for humanitarian assistance. Since 2003, DFID has disbursed
over £400 million on post-conflict reconstruction programmes,
including £125 million for humanitarian assistance.
DFID is working together with FCO and MOD to
take forward the GCPP Iraq Strategy. This includes management
of the GCPP-funded support to the Iraqi Ministry of Interior (MOI)
project. This project is supporting institutional development
at the Iraqi MOI, which is critical to improving the Iraqi government's
ability to manage its security forces and stem the violence. We
are also working in close collaboration with other government
departments to take forward the objectives set out in the Better
Basra Action plan, funded by the GCPP, and in particular DFID
provides a substantial contribution to the Governance and Economic
work strands.
MEPP
In 2006-07, DFID made available £30 million
to deliver aid in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs).
DFID's programme of support explicitly recognises conflict as
the major inhibitor to development and links programme activities
to creating an enabling environment for peace. Two areas of work
have particular relevance: support to the Negotiations Affairs
Department and work through the Global Conflict Prevention Pool.
DFID, with MOD and FCO, played a key role in
the Global Conflict Prevention Pool (GCPP) Middle East & North
Africa Strategy review in early 2007. One of the main outputs
of this review was a set of objectives against which to assess
the potential impact of project proposals, based on a joint assessment
of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
As strategy leader the FCO manages the bulk
of GCPP projects—but DFID contributes to selecting, monitoring
and evaluating all GCPP projects in Israel and the OPTs. Using
funds from the GCPP, DFID managed two projects during 2006-07:
— Water Resources Management—£300,000
(£96,000 in 2006-07); and
— Policing Adviser to the Office of
the United States Security Coordinator—£50,000 (£18,000
in 2006-07).
Both projects are currently ongoing.
NEPAL
In Nepal, the focus of DFID GCPP expenditure
has been on supporting the ongoing peace process and on human
rights. In 2006-07 DFID's expenditure through the GCPP totalled
around £3.2 million.
DFID has provided GCPP resources to the government-led
Nepal Peace Trust Fund. The priority areas for the Fund are election
preparations, cantonment infrastructure for the Maoist cadres,
internally displaced people and security for the elections, currently
scheduled for November 2007. In addition to supporting the Peace
Fund, DFID has used the GCPP to help promote democracy within
the political parties and has supported various groups working
on the promotion of an inclusive political and election process.
DFID has provided resources to Advocacy Forum
for their work on combating impunity, and to the International
Committee of the Red Cross. DFID has used resources to help set
up the UN Mission in Nepal and has supported UNICEF in their work
with child soldiers. Finally, GCPP resources have been used to
help HMG analyse and understand the fast-moving political developments
in Nepal and to inform HMG strategy.
NIGERIA
Reducing violence in the run-up to and during
the elections in Nigeria was a major conflict prevention focus
for DFID in 2006-07, with a number of projects supported through
the ACPP. The ACPP committed approximately £950,000 on this
and other peacebuilding programmes throughout Nigeria.
ACPP and DFID Nigeria are jointly funding a
process to improve and better coordinate HMG-wide conflict prevention
efforts. This has included a reappraisal of a major DFID Security,
Justice and Growth programme (£30 million over six years)
to improve the focus on security for the poorest.
Tackling conflict in the Niger Delta is a major
issue for HMG. DFID has played an active role in cross-Whitehall
discussions through the ACPP and has supported peacebuilding programmes
in the region.
SIERRA LEONE
Since 2001, Sierra Leone has taken up the vast
bulk of the ACPP expenditure as a whole. The major focus for DFID
(and FCO and MOD) was initially on security sector reform (SSR),
with DFID focusing on governance, policy and civilian oversight
and MOD covering military operational aspects. DFID support to
SSR through the Pool has been scaling down over the past few years,
with a gradual shift towards longer-term development programmes.
There was no ACPP spend by DFID in 2006-07.
DFID programme expenditure in Sierra Leone was
just over £38 million in 2006-07. The DFID programme continues
to provide support to security and justice sectors. A major aspect
of the DFID programme is support to improved governance: including
governance of the security sector itself, civil service reform
and anti-corruption measures.
SUDAN
DFID spent approximately £3.8 million through
the ACPP in 2006-07 on conflict prevention efforts. The programme
is focused on two core areas—ongoing support to demilitarisation
and the transition to peace in southern Sudan, and efforts to
bring stability to Darfur (including direct support to the Abuja
peace talks).
The DFID programme in 2006-07 in Sudan spent
around £100 million. Around 80% of this was humanitarian
aid, much of which was aimed at alleviating the worst excesses
of conflict.
FCO cover the UK contributions to the African
Union mission in Darfur.
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