APPENDIX 4: GLOSSARY OF MAIN FISHERIES
TERMS USED IN THE REPORT
Aquaculture Fish farming, i.e. controlled breeding
of fish or shellfish (typically in fresh water or sheltered coastal
marine environments).
Black fish Fish landed illegally.
By-catch Any organism that is caught in addition
to the target fish. Some by-catches are marketable although much
is discarded.
Days at sea See Fishing effort.
Demersal Fish living near the bottom of the sea
(e.g. cod, haddock, halibut, ling and turbot) (cf Pelagic).
Discards Fish and other organisms disposed
of at sea, usually dead.
Effort controls See Fishing effort.
Fishing effort The amount of fishing exerted
by a fishing vessel. A reduction in fishing effort can be achieved
by limiting the time spent on fishing (days at sea).
Fishing Mortality caused by fishing, in
addition to natural mortality. mortality rate
ITQ Individual Transferable Quota.
JNCC Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Nephrops Nephrops norvegicus: Norwegian
lobster, Dublin Bay prawn or langoustine.
Pelagic Fish and other organisms living in the
upper layers of the sea (e.g. tuna, herring, mackerel and pilchard)
(cf Demersal).
RACs Regional Advisory Councils.
Relative stability The principle according to
which the total volume of allowable catch is shared among Member
States in fixed proportions, thus assuring each Member State relative
stability of fishing activities.
TAC Total Allowable Catch. Catch restrictions
intended to curb the total amount of fish of a particular species
that can be caught.
White fish Fish with white flesh (mostly demersal)
as opposed to oily fish such as herring and mackerel (mostly pelagic).
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